Earliest medieval French manuscripts referring to Asia Minor as Turkey

[Turxanthus]

What is the cultural achievement of Orthodox Greeks? Hellenicizing Latin Eastern Rome (happened 7th century CE) and pretending to its legacy?
When Eastern Rome was still Eastern Rome, the Turks had a khaganate stretching from Crimea until Manchuria.

Rest of what you type makes no sense, like pretending to be Troyans. None did it, except maybe the one who was allegedly homosexual and hidden Christian.

[contributor]

You mean, the Rome that was a Hellenistic Kingdom herself? The offspring of Alexanders Empire, which simply took over the rest of the Greek kingdoms and created the Roman Empire with the Greek knowledge i explained above? Is this the empire you talk about ''Hellenizing''?

You can strech and flex your butthole as you wish buddy boi , but i don't see anyone struggling to prove himself being a spiritual son of khanates. Not even your Ottoman ancestors did after all... Yet i see Acropolis-like universities such as Harvard everywhere pretending to be heirs of the cultural ''gist'' of Greeks, which as you see from the practises of your ''European'' compatriots in Polis is a unbreakable continuation...

one day you'll understand,

[Turxanthus]

Maybe the French called you Turks, but you didn't define yourselves as Turks, therefore you didn't believe you were Turks, therefore you were not Turks.

In Muslim MENA culture, slavery prevailed and states were named after Dynasties. It is why it was Seljuks, Karamans, Ottomans and not national name like in Europe or among ancient Turks.
That doesn't mean they didn't have any conscious of who they were.

[Turxanthus]

You mean, the Rome that was a Hellenistic Kingdom herself? The offspring of Alexanders Empire, which simply took over the rest of the Greek kingdoms and created the Roman Empire with the Greek knowledge i explained above? Is this the empire you talk about ''Hellenizing''?

You can strech and flex your butthole as you wish buddy boi , but i don't see anyone struggling to prove himself being a spiritual son of khanates. Not even your Ottoman ancestors did after all... Yet i see Acropolis-like universities such as Harvard everywhere pretending to be heirs of the cultural ''gist'' of Greeks, which as you see from the practises of your ''European'' compatriots in Polis is a unbreakable continuation...

one day you'll understand,

Yawn.

[Petros Houhoulis]

What is the cultural achievement of Orthodox Greeks?

They begun the renaissance after the fall of the East Roman empire.

[Turxanthus]

Those were Latins who left Constantinople after 1453.
During the 14th century, Genoese occupied Pera (Galata), beyond the Horn in Constantinople. Thus roughly 1/5 of the city was Genoese.
Venice had changing alliances and allegiances, yet Genoese were in struggle against the Byzantines for the latter were claiming Pera.

As a result of this animosity against the Greks and conflicting interests, the Genoese were allied to the Turks back then and actually, it was Genoese who ferried and sponsored the very first Ottoman expeditions into the Balkans against Byzantines during the 14th century (mostly at Orhan era, continuing with Murat). Genoese had imposing naval power, not comparable with Byzantium.

[Petros Houhoulis]

Those were Latins who left Constantinople after 1453.
During the 14th century, Genoese occupied Pera (Galata), beyond the Horn in Constantinople. Thus roughly 1/5 of the city was Genoese.
Venice had changing alliances and allegiances, yet Genoese were in struggle against the Byzantines for the latter were claiming Pera.

As a result of this animosity against the Greks and conflicting interests, the Genoese were allied to the Turks back then and actually, it was Genoese who ferried and sponsored the very first Ottoman expeditions into the Balkans against Byzantines during the 14th century (mostly at Orhan era, continuing with Murat). Genoese had imposing naval power, not comparable with Byzantium.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_...he_Renaissance

Greek scholars in the Renaissance

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Demetrios Chalkokondyles (brother of Laonikos Chalkokondyles) (1424–1511) was a Greek Renaissance scholar,^[1] Humanist and teacher of Greek and Platonic philosophy.^[2]




John Argyropoulos (1415–1487) was a Greek Renaissance scholar who played a prominent role in the revival of Greek philosophy in Italy.^[3]


The migration waves of Byzantine scholars and émigrés in the period following the Crusader sacking of Constantinople in 1204 and the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, is considered by many scholars key to the revival of Greek and Roman studies that led to the development of the Renaissance humanism^[4] and science. These émigrés brought to Western Europe the relatively well-preserved remnants and accumulated knowledge of their own (Greek) civilization, which had mostly not survived the Dark Ages in the West.
Their main role within Renaissance humanism was the teaching of the Greek language to their western counterparts in universities or privately together with the spread of ancient texts. Their forerunners were Barlaam of Calabria (Bernardo Massari) and Leonzio Pilato, two translators who were both born in Calabria in southern Italy and who were both educated in the Greek language. The impact of these two scholars on the very first Renaissance humanists was indisputable.^[5]
By 1500 there was a Greek-speaking community of about 5,000 in Venice. The Venetians also ruled Crete, Dalmatia, and scattered islands and port cities of the former empire, the populations of which were augmented by refugees from other Byzantine provinces who preferred Venetian to Ottoman governance. Crete was especially notable for the Cretan School of icon-painting, which after 1453 became the most important in the Greek world.^[6]
After the peak of the Italian Renaissance in the first decades of the 16th century, the flow of information reversed, and Greek scholars in Italy were employed to oppose Turkish expansion into former Byzantine lands in Greece, prevent the Protestant Reformation spreading there and help bring the Eastern Churches back into communion with Rome. In 1577, Gregory XIII founded the Collegio Pontifico Greco as a college in Rome to receive young Greeks belonging to any nation in which the Greek Rite was used, and consequently for Greek refugees in Italy as well as the Ruthenians and Malchites of Egypt and Syria. The construction of the College and Church of S. Atanasio, joined by a bridge over the Via dei Greci, was begun in that year.^[7]
Contents

• 1 Contribution of Greek scholars to the Italian Renaissance
• 2 Scholars
• 3 Painting and music
• 4 See also
• 5 References
• 6 Sources
• 7 External links

Contribution of Greek scholars to the Italian Renaissance


One of Georgius Gemistus (Plethon)'s manuscripts, in Greek, written in the early 15th century.




Cardinal Bessarion (1395–1472) of Trebizond, Pontus was a Greek scholar, statesman, and cardinal and one of the leading figures in the rise of the intellectual Renaissance.^[8]




Manuel Chrysoloras


Although ideas from ancient Rome already enjoyed popularity with the scholars of the 14th century and their importance to the Renaissance was undeniable, the lessons of Greek learning brought by Byzantine intellectuals changed the course of humanism and the Renaissance itself.^{[citation needed]} While Greek learning affected all the subjects of the studia humanitatis, history and philosophy in particular were profoundly affected by the texts and ideas brought from Byzantium. History was changed by the re-discovery and spread of Greek historians’ writings, and this knowledge of Greek historical treatises helped the subject of history become a guide to virtuous living based on the study of past events and people. The effects of this renewed knowledge of Greek history can be seen in the writings of humanists on virtue, which was a popular topic. Specifically, these effects are shown in the examples provided from Greek antiquity that displayed virtue as well as vice.
The philosophy of not only Aristotle but also Plato affected the Renaissance by causing debates over man’s place in the universe, the immortality of the soul, and the ability of man to improve himself through virtue. The flourishing of philosophical writings in the 15th century revealed the impact of Greek philosophy and science on the Renaissance. The resonance of these changes lasted through the centuries following the Renaissance not only in the writing of humanists, but also in the education and values of Europe and western society even to the present day.^[9][10][11]
Deno Geanakopoulos in his work on the contribution of Byzantine scholars to Renaissance has summarised their input into three major shifts to Renaissance thought:

• in early 14th century Florence from the early, central emphasis on rhetoric to one on metaphysical philosophy by means of introducing and reinterpretation of the Platonic texts,

• in Venice-Padua by reducing the dominance of Averroist Aristotle in science and philosophy by supplementing but not completely replacing it with Byzantine traditions which utilised ancient and Byzantine commentators on Aristotle,

• and earlier in the mid 15th century in Rome, through emphasis not on any philosophical school but through the production of more authentic and reliable versions of Greek texts relevant to all fields of humanism and science and with respect to the Greek fathers of the church. Hardly less important was their direct or indirect influence on exegesis of the New Testament itself through Bessarion's inspiration of Lorenzo Valla's biblical emendations of the Latin vulgate in the light of the Greek text.^[12]

Scholars

• Leo Allatius, Rome, librarian of the library of Vatican
• George Amiroutzes, Florence, Aristotelian
• Henry Aristippus
• Michael Apostolius, Rome
• Aristobulus Apostolius
• Arsenius Apostolius
• John Argyropoulos, Universities of Florence, Rome
• Simon Atumano, Bishop of Gerace in Calabria
• Basilios Bessarion
• Barlaam of Seminara, he taught Petrarch some rudiments of Greek language
• Zacharias Calliergi, Rome
• Laonicus Chalcocondyles
• Demetrius Chalcondyles, Milan
• Theofilos Chalcocondylis, Florence
• Manuel Chrysoloras, Florence, Pavia, Rome, Venice, Milan
• John Chrysoloras, scholar and diplomat: relative of Manuel Chrysoloras, patron of Francesco Filelfo
• Andronicus Contoblacas, Basel, teacher of Johann Reuchlin
• Johannes Crastonis, Modena, Greek-Latin dictionary
• Andronicus Callistus, Rome
• Demetrius Cydones
• Mathew Devaris, Rome
• Demetrios Ducas
• Elia del Medigo, Venice
• Antonios Eparchos, Venice, scholar and poet
• Antonio de Ferraris, academic, doctor and humanist
• Theodorus Gaza, first dean of the University of Ferrara, Naples and Rome
• George Gemistos Plethon, teacher of Bessarion
• George of Trebizond, Venice, Florence, Rome
• George Hermonymus, University of Paris, teacher of Erasmus, Reuchlin, Budaeus and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples
• Georgios Kalafatis (ca. 1652 – ca. 1720), Greek professor of theoretical and practical medicine^[13]
• Andreas Musalus (ca. 1665/6 – ca. 1721), Greek professor of mathematics, philosopher and architectural theorist^[14]
• Nicholas Kalliakis (Nicolai Calliachius) (1645–1707)-was a Greek scholar and philosopher who flourished in Italy.^[15]
• Mathaeos Kamariotis
• Isidore of Kiev
• Ioannis Kigalas (ca. 1622 – 1687), Greek scholar and professor of Philosophy and Logic^[16]
• Ioannis Kottounios, Padua
• Konstantinos Kallokratos
• Constantine Lascaris, University of Messina
• Janus Lascaris or Rhyndacenus, Rome
• Leonard of Chios, Greek-born Roman Catholic prelate
• Nikolaos Loukanis, Venice
• Maximus the Greek studied in Italy before moving to Russia
• Maximos Margunios, Venice
• Marcus Musurus, University of Padua
• Michael Tarchaniota Marullus, Ancona and Florence, friend and pupil of Jovianus Pontanus
• Leonardos Philaras (1595–1673), an early advocate for Greek independence^[17]
• Maximus Planudes, Rome, Venice
• Franciscus Portus, Venice, Ferrara, Geneva
• John Servopoulos, scholar, professor, Oxford
• Nikolaos Sophianos, Rome, Venice: scholar and geographer, creator of the Totius Graeciae Descriptio
• Nicholas Leonicus Thomaeus, Venice, Padua
• Iakovos Trivolis, Venice
• Gregory Tifernas, Paris, teacher of Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples and Robert Gaguin
• Gerasimos Vlachos, Venice
• Francesco Maurolico, mathematician and astronomer from Sicily

Painting and music


El Greco (literally 'the Greek') the nickname for the Cretan painter Dominikos Theotokopoulos.

• Marco Basaiti, painter
• Belisario Corenzio, painter, Napoli
• Michael Damaskenos, Venice, Cretan painter
• Thomas Flanginis, Venice, funded the establishment of the Flanginian Greek school for teachers
• El Greco, the nickname for the Cretan painter Dominikos Theotokopoulos, Italy, Spain
• Francisco Leontaritis, Italy, Bavaria: singer and composer
• Anna Notaras, Venice, first Greek printing press
• Angelos Pitzamanos (1467–1535), Cretan painter, Otranto, Southern Italy^[18]
• Janus Plousiadenos, Venice, hymnographer and composer
• Theodore Poulakis, Venice, painter
• Emmanuel Tzanes, Venice, Cretan painter
• John Rhosos, Rome, Venice well-known scribe
• Antonio Vassilacchi, painter from Milos worked in Venice with Paolo Veronese

[Tigranes]

Hello ya'all, I just wanted to point out to the fact that Yoghurt is Greek, thanks.

''Turkic''.... you mean the goatfuckers from the steppe whom only cultural achievement is... yoghurt?

[Turxanthus]

If Greeks were that much enlightened people with innovative spirit, they would not have been serving Latin city states in the first place. Post French revolution Hellenophilism caused the resurrection, in a quite artificial way, of the modern state of Greece, with German kings etc.

[Petros Houhoulis]

If Greeks were that much enlightened people with innovative spirit, they would not have been serving Latin city states in the first place.

All nations have their highs and their lows, but only Greece can resurrect itself on the merit of its' legacy. You owned us for 400 years and yet we came back to kick your arse. We are indestructible...

Post French revolution Hellenophilism caused the resurrection, in a quite artificial way, of the modern state of Greece, with German kings etc.

We don't have German kings anymore. We are the real thing. Speaking of artificial...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asena

The legend of Asena tells of a young boy who survived a battle; a female wolf finds the injured child and nurses him back to health. The she-wolf, impregnated by the boy, escapes her enemies by crossing the Western Sea to a cave near the Qocho mountains and a city of the Tocharians, giving birth to ten half-wolf, half-human boys. Of these, Ashina becomes their leader and establishes the Ashina clan, which ruled over the Göktürk and other Turkicnomadic empires.^[6][7]

...You are an artificial abomination...