The Historical And Cultural Heritage Of The Middle East

[Kamal900]

Al-Malek Al-Muthaffer(The victorious king).

Some of the kings who ruled in Mesopotamia took their nicknames indicating their victory in battles and wars. And the first of such is the kings of the Kingdom of Arabaya, Araba(Al-Hadr/Northern Iraq), where we find that the King of Hatra (Santarook II) took his nickname(Al-Muthaffer Al-Mo7sen) after he won his wars:


It says in an inscription found on his statue:
"The statue of Santarook Al-Muthaffer Al-Mohsen Ibn Abd Samya Al-Malik, built by him .... for the month of October, the year 440, Jdrinha."

Noting that the year of Seleucia is 440, which is the calendar that was adopted in Babylon, about 311 years more than the Gregorian date, meaning that it is equivalent to the year 129 AD.

In another inscription, Santarook appears as king of the Arabs and that he is Ibn Nasro:
"... Sheikh of the Arabs and Sanatruk the king of the Arabs bin Nasro bin Maria"

As the title of Al-Nasr was also known to the kings of Al-Hirah. Among the Sassanid Persians, we find that these titles were subjected to translation and were taken by their kings. Like Khosrow Pervez (Khosrow II), which means (Al-Muthaffer Al-Mohsen /Al-Hassan). And when the Abbasids appeared their second successor bears the title (Al-Mansour (Al-Muthaffer)), and Abu Jaafar Al-Mansour and some of the caliphs of Al-Abbas also carried these names such as (Al-Mustansir / Al-Muntasir).

When the Umayyad dynasty emerged in Andalusia, an Arab dynasty from the Umayyads claimed that they were of the Banu Nasr, the last Arab dynasty that ruled Andalusia before its fall.
https://twitter.com/Sargon_0/status/1286444874305277957

Syriac inscriptions from Edessa:
Among these inscriptions are the inscriptions of the Bougun Cave in the relics of the historical city of Sumatar Harapisi in Edessa (present-day southeastern Turkey). "In the month of (Berah), February, the year (launched) 476, I Tardat Ibn 3aduna, Sultan of the Arabs(Sheilta dey Arab)...


...I built this temple and erected the monument to the god Marlha, for the life of my lord, the king and his sons, and for the life of our enemies, my father, and for my life and for the life of my brothers and sons. "

Notes about the inscription:
The year 476 in the Gregorian calendar coincides with the year 165 CE. On the same site, there are Syriac inscriptions of Abjar King of Edessa, and he describes himself as(Sheilta dey Arab) which means(Sultan of the Arabs) as well. Professor Fou2ad Safar says that the deity of its god is perhaps the same as the Sun deity(shams), while other researchers say that the deity is of the Babylonian moon god(Sen).
https://twitter.com/Sargon_0/status/1285703181834637313

[Kamal900]

Cultural heritage of the ancient Israelites who are ancestral to Jews, Samaritans and Palestinians:

The Israelites (/ˈɪzriəlaɪts/; Hebrew: בני ישראל‎ Bnei Yisra'el)[1] were a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes of the ancient Near East, who inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods.[2][3][4][5][6] According to the religious narrative of the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites' origin is traced back to the Biblical patriarchs and matriarchs Abraham and his wife Sarah, through their son Isaac and his wife Rebecca, and their son Jacob who was later called Israel, whence they derive their name, with his wives Leah and Rachel and the handmaids Zilpa and Bilhah.

Modern archaeology has largely shown that determining the historicity of the religious narrative is impossible,[7] with many scholars viewing the stories as inspiring national myth narratives with little historical value.

Based on the archaeological evidence, according to the modern archaeological account, the Israelites and their culture did not overtake the region by force, but instead branched out of the indigenous Canaanite peoples that long inhabited the Southern Levant, Syria, ancient Israel, and the Transjordan region[8][9][10] through a gradual evolution of a distinct monolatristic—later cementing as monotheistic—religion centered on Yahweh. The outgrowth of Yahweh-centric monolatrism from Canaanite polytheism started with Yahwism, the belief in the existence of the many gods and goddesses of the Canaanite pantheon but with the consistent worship of only Yahweh. Along with a number of cultic practices, this gave rise to a separate Israelite ethnic group identity. The final transition of their Yahweh-based religion to monotheism and rejection of the existence of the other Canaanite gods set the Israelites apart from their fellow Canaanite brethren.[11][12][13] The Israelites, however, continued to retain various cultural commonalities with other Canaanites, including use of one of the Canaanite dialects, Hebrew, which is today the only living descendant of that language group.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites

Yemenite Hebrew song:


Jewish weddings:

[Kamal900]

The Iranic peoples of the middle east:

[Marmara]

Göbeklitepe, Oldest permanent site ever built, 12.000 years old, built as a sanctuary. This was even before agriculture, it was built by hunter-gatherers.

[Kamal900]

StonyArabia's maternal ancestors; the Tayyids who were ancestral to the modern day Shammari Arab bedouins of the Levant and Iraq.

A signature of a man of the Tayyi’ tribe in Safaitic from NE Jordan
BS 767:
l w`l bn ‘mm h-ṭʾy
By Wā`el son of ‘ammām the Tā`iyy.

The Tayyi` were one great tribes of N. Arabia; their name became the general term for Arabian nomads in Syriac and the east



While the dialect of the Tayyi` was characterized by the use of the am- definite article in Islamic-period sources, in the early 1st millennium CE at least some members of this group used the ha-article. The Safaitic inscriptions provide the earliest evidence for the Tayyi`, who often appear as adversaries of the nomads of the Harrah. CSNS 1004
wagama ʿal-sayyed maqtūl fa-hā-llāt ṯaʾr men-qātel-oh wa-wagama ʿal-ben-dād-oh masbeyy sabayat-oh ṭayyeʾ

“He grieved first Sayyed, who was murdered, so O Allāt, vengeance against his murderer! And he grieved for his cousin who was taken captive, captured by Tayye".


These inscriptions are impossible to date in absolute terms but it is very unlikely that they could be older than the 4th c. CE. I’d guess these texts are closer to the turn of the era. Bib:
Pics: OCIANA
CSNS: Clark, V.A. A Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan. Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Melbourne. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1979 [1983]. BS: Badia Survey inscriptions.
https://twitter.com/Safaitic/status/1239944404904873984

[CordedWhelp]

Very cool thread. Will keep peeking in.

[Kamal900]

Very cool thread. Will keep peeking in.

https://www.facebook.com/arabpill/ph...type=3&theater

[Kamal900]

By Ahmad al-Jallad:

"He constructed and erected (this altar) for Allāt, who is in Qaryat Ṭalw, so may she hear his prayers"
wa-banaya wa-naṣaba ʾallāt bi-qaryat Ṭalw fa-samiʿat la-hū

This fascinating inscription published by Al-Said from Qaryat al-Fāw (KSA) attests a local manifestation of Allāt


The North Arabian goddess was worshipped across the peninsula for a millennium before Islam. From Nabataean texts, we know her as Allāt, the goddess who is in ʾIram (ʾltw ʾlhtʾ dy b-ʾrm) and Allāt the goddess who is in Boṣrā (ʾlt ʾlhtʾ d(y) b-bṣrʾ). But in a new Safaitic text I am preparing for publication, Allāt is given the title <mn ʿmn> 'from ʿmn'. We discovered this fascinating inscription in 2018, buried in the sand in NE Jordan, but I just found time to work on it this summer (thanks corona).


The identity of ʿmn is unclear: a connection with ʿammān is attractive but other possibilities exist. What is the significance of the phrasing 'from ʿmn' rather than 'in'? Does 'from' signify the place of origin of the goddess or perhaps the location of her primary temple? This type of wording is not attested in Nabataean or other Arabian corpora. I wonder if similar expressions are used in other traditions - it doesn't seem to be found in NW Semitic, where apposition or the relative is more common.

On the Fāw text, see:
https://www.academia.edu/39299503/Th...w_Saudi_Arabia

https://twitter.com/Safaitic/status/1288855182101553153

[Kamal900]

Palestinian opinion for Yemenis:


Samaritans of Nablus:

[Kamal900]

By Ahmad al-Jallad

A lovely carving of a Bactrian camel from N. Jordan. The image adorns a building text:

le-Ṣaʿb ben ʿAwḏ ben Taym wa-banaya le-banīy-[oh] has-setra

'By Ṣaʿb son of ʿAwḏ son of Taym and he built this shelter for his children'

The stone is housed at the Mafraq Museum, Jordan.

https://twitter.com/Safaitic/status/1309001745813643264

Early 6th century AD Arabic inscription written by an Arab Christian

A lovely discovery. A new 6th c. Arabic-script inscription from the northern Ḥigāz. Highlights:
1) Associated with the Ḫazraǧ, but here referred to with the diminutive.
2) Monotheistic, using the formula la-ʾūṣi-kum billāh 'I urge you to god'
3) بالله spelled بله

4) And finally, the use of hāḏā, as in the dialect of the QCT, rather than ḏā, which is more common in this period.
5) No wawation, bringing us closer to the writing school of Yathrib (I think).

Sorry I deleted original tweet, there was a misplaced macron i couldn't stand.
https://twitter.com/Safaitic/status/1304460924066115584