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Maps of European ecoregions/biomes
https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/da...=region:europe
https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-m...ogical-regions
https://indo-european.eu/maps/
https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-Resul...tification.htm
Description of the zones in the last map above:
- Alpine North: Scandinavian mountains; these have been named Alpine north, because they show environmental conditions as the Alps on a higher latitude, but in lower mountains.
- Alpine South: the high mountains of central and southern Europe that show the environmental conditions of high mountains. Unlike the biogeographical zonation of Europe as presented by the EEA here also small Alpine patches are found in mountain areas outside the Alps Pyrenees and Carpathians.
- Atlantic Central is the area with moderate climate where the average winter temperature does not go far below 0°C and the average summer temperatures are relatively low.
- Atlantic North: is the area under influence of the Atlantic ocean and the North sea, humid with rather low temperatures in summer and winter, but not extremely cold.
- Boreal: is the environmental zone covering the lowlands of Scandinavia, mainly characterised by Conifer forests.
- Continental: is the part of Europe with an environment of warm summers and rather cold winters and where Beech is a dominant tree species
- Lusitenean: is the southern Atlantic area from western France to Lisbon. Here the summer temperatures are rather high and there are some dry months occur, winters are mild and humid. It is the region of the southern European heathlands and the Pyrenean oak.
- Mediterranean Mountains: these mountains are influenced by both the Mediterranean zone they are situated in, but still they show an influence of mountain climate. This is the area where Mediterranean Beech forests are found
- Mediterrenean North: the Mediteranean northern represents the major part of the Mediterranean climate zone with Holm oak, Cork Oak many fruit plantations and Olive groves.
- Mediterrenean South: this zone represents the extreme Mediterranean climate that is shared with northern Africa, short precipitation periods and long hot, dry summers.
- Nemoral: the zone covering the southern part of Scandinavia, the Baltic states and Belarus. It is the environmental zone characterised by mixtures of Taiga forest and Deciduous broadleaved forests.
- Pannonian-Pontic: this is the most steppic part of Europe, with cold winters and dry hot summers. Most precipitation falls in spring. One of the characteristic plant species is Stipa ssp.
- Anatolian: represents the steppes of Turkey, a Mediterranean steppic environment.
In the third map made by Carlos Quiles, the Baltic states, Southern Sweden, and Turku and Ĺland region are part of the "Sarmatic mixed forests" zone, but the Malmö region and Denmark are part of the "Central European mixed forests" zone.
In the fourth map, Jutland is part of a Northern Atlantic zone, along with about half of the British Isles and parts of the Netherlands and Germany.
True Northern Europe = boreal zone + tundra + Scandinavian alpine zone. Denmark, Götaland, and half of Svealand are only semi-Northern Europe. The European peoples whose population is mostly concentrated in the northernmost ecoregions (excluding the nemoral zone / sarmatic mixed forest zone) are the Icelandics, Norwegians (possibly depending on what ecoregion the coastal areas are considered to be part of), Saami, Finns, Karelians, Vepsans, Komi, and Nenetses. Based on the second and third maps above, the population of Sweden and the Baltic states is mostly concentrated in the nemoral zone / sarmatic mixed forest zone.
In the map below, the Helsinki area is included as part of the boreonemoral zone, which might actually cause almost half (but not more than half) of the population of Finland to live outside the proper boreal zone:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/...fig1_273711261
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Originally Posted by Ymyyakhtakh
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