Yeah, Pankratov et al. 2016 specifically said that Belarusian Lipka Tatars have approximately 30% East Eurasian ancestry.
Here the proportion of Mongoloid ancestry of Belarusian Lipka Tatars seems to be between Maris and Udmurts:
From the same paper:
Lipkas are thought to descend from migrants of the Golden Horde and post-Golden Horde khanates[3]. According to historical records, they were invited as mercenaries to the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the period from the late 13th to the middle of the 16th century. The core of Lipkas as a distinct ethnic group had formed already by the end of the 14th century[3] and it is likely that the documented migrations from the Crimea, Azov Sea and Don River regions played a major role in this process[4,5,6]. Initially, these migrants spoke one or several languages belonging to the Kipchak group of the Turkic languages[7], but by the beginning of the 17th century they had already switched to Belarusian or Polish[5]. This relatively rapid language replacement may have been facilitated by (i) the initial linguistic heterogeneity of Lipka's ancestors, (ii) the widespread practice of marriages with locals during the 14th and 15th centuries and (iii) participation of Lipkas in the military service of the host country[8]. Despite these aspects of cultural integration into East European society, Lipkas retained their Muslim religion, which remains a core component of their ethnic self-identification today. The practice of marriages with locals was subsequently banned, helping to establish and maintain the ethnic boundaries between Lipkas and their neighbours[5,8]. The transition from a nomadic to sedentary lifestyle, language change and their preservation of the Muslim religion, are the three features that make Lipkas an intriguing population not only per se but also in the broader context of the population history of the Eurasian Steppe.
We have shown previously[9] that BLT bear about 30% of East Eurasian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, while the rest of their mtDNA pool can be broadly defined as West Eurasian in origin, with some haplotypes shared between BLT and Belarusians. Our preliminary Y-chromosomal DNA analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity of the BLT patrilineal heritage, witnessed by the presence of haplogroups typical of East European, Caucasian, Volga-Uralic, Central Asian and Siberian populations, with some Y-STR haplotypes shared specifically between BLT and Belarusians[10].
[...]
The paternal Y-STR haplotypes of J2a(xM67), Q1a-M346, R1a-Z2125 and R1b-M478 (Supplementary Figs 4, 6 and 9, Supplementary Table 4), as well as complete mtDNA sequences of haplogroups D4j*, D4j12, D2b1 and G2a1 (Supplementary Fig. 11) from the BLT, are phylogenetically closest to those found predominantly among modern Central Asian (Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, but also Uzbeks) and Siberian/Mongolian populations (mainly Buryats, Tuvinians, Khakasses and Teleuts, but also Shors, Barga Mongols, Kalmyks, Khamnigans, Yakuts and Evenkis). Genetic links between BLT and Caucasus and, to a lesser extent, Volga-Uralic populations, are exemplified by mtDNA haplogroups D4j12 and G2a1 and Y-chromosome haplogroups J2a(xM67), G2a-U1 and J1-P58 (Supplementary Figs 11,4,2,3 and 10). The distribution of IBD segments and autosomal haplotypes demonstrate a strong affinity between BLT and populations from South Siberian/Mongolian region and with Kazakhs (Fig. 3; Supplementary Table 16). As the BLT uniparental haplotypes are generally absent in their neighboring East Europeans, including Belarusians[11,24] and as there is an excess of IBD segments between geographically distant populations of BLT and Siberians/Mongolians, we conclude that the presence of these haplotypes in the BLT gene pool is a result of a migration event(s) rather than a long-term process of genetic diffusion. Moreover, as BLT share East Eurasian-like haplotypes with various modern populations across Eurasia from the Caucasus to North-East China, it is likely that complex migration/admixture events, involving highly mobile ancestral population(s) have contributed to the formation of the BLT gene pool. Another noteworthy conclusion from our data is that whatever migration event(s) brought East Eurasian genetic components to the gene pool of modern BLT, it has involved both men and women.
[...]
Based on what is known of the Eurasian Steppe nomads and BLT from historical records, as well as from previous genetic studies, one can assume that the West Eurasian admixture evident in the gene pools of the ancestors of BLT increased gradually during their history. Here, we should consider at least three possible steps: a) ancient admixture in Central Asia and southwest Siberia and Mongolia, which is supported by the presence of the West Eurasian component in the gene pools of both modern and ancient populations of this area25,26,27,28; b) admixture during the historic migrations of nomadic populations in the territory of the Pontocaspian Steppe2,8 and c) admixture events during and after their settlements in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, i.e. after becoming known as Lipkas.
The idea of gene flow from the host populations (c) to the settled Lipkas is supported by our previous mtDNA data[9] as well as by documented marriages between ancestors of BLT and local women during their early settlement in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania[8,29,30]. Similarly, IBD analysis from this study shows that BLT share the highest number of common genetic segments with populations from East Europe (Fig. 3). We also see a close resemblance of Y-STR haplotypes of haplogroup R1a-M458 between BLT and Belarusians and/or Poles, suggesting a male mediated gene flow from the host populations to BLT (Supplementary Fig. 7, Supplementary Table 4). Although R1a-M458, frequent in Central and East Europe[31], is also found at low frequencies elsewhere, including Nogais, Karanogais and Shapsugs as well as Volga Tatars (Supplementary Fig. 7, Supplementary Table 4)32,33, it is more parsimonious to assume that BLT acquired this haplogroup when already settled in East Europe.
The likely admixture during step (b) is demonstrated by the presence in BLT Y-chromosome haplogroups G2a-U1, J1-P58 and J2a(xM67), typically found in the Caucasus (Supplementary Figs 2–4, Supplementary Table 4). This is also inferred by the GLOBETROTTER analysis, in which the major –"Hungarian" – source of admixture in BLT contains around 20% of an Armenian-like genetic component (Supplementary Table 16). Some of the mtDNA haplogroups found in BLT, e.g. W6, may have also arrived from the Caucasus[34] because the Golden Horde spanned well into this region[35]. It is possible, therefore, that the ancestors of BLT already had some, or even substantial, European and Caucasian genetic legacy before they settled in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Our analyses suggest admixture for BLT that took place within 12–14 centuries AD (Supplementary Tables 16 and 18). It should be noted, however, that in the case of several subsequent admixture events, spread over a wider time window — a likely case for nomads — these analytical approaches tend to give dates corresponding to the dominant, often later steps of the admixture process[2,19].
[...]
Furthermore, it is interesting to note that several tribal names in BLT are found simultaneously in numerous contemporary Turkic- and Mongolian-speaking peoples, suggesting that the same Turkic and initially Mongolian tribes contributed to the ethnogenesis of these populations including BLT (Supplementary Table 19). Thus, both linguistic and anthroponymic evidence suggest a cultural affiliation of BLT with many Turkic-speaking populations living today across the Eurasian Steppe.
Many Turkic-speaking populations, whilst genetically resembling their non-Turkic geographic neighbors, have retained genomic chunks shared with populations of South Siberia and Mongolia (SSM)[2]. Likewise, here we have found an excess of IBD segments shared between BLT and Siberian/Mongolian/northern Chinese populations, as well as Kazakhs from Central Asia, when compared to Belarusians (Fig. 3). We suggest, that the IBD pattern observed in BLT, currently non-Turkic speakers, reveals a "Turkic-specific" genetic signal shared to some extent by almost all modern Turkic speakers[2].
The proportion of the presumed East Eurasian component that is likely to incorporate this "Turkic-specific" genetic footprint in the genomes of BLT, is substantially higher (~30%) when compared to many Turkic-speaking populations in western Eurasia such as Gagauz, Turks, Iranian Azeri, Balkars, Kumyks and Turkmens and is as high as in the Volga Tatars according to (Fig. 2B). In this context it is interesting to compare BLT with Gagauz people, who also reside in the western fringes of Eastern Europe and, similarly to BLT, are thought to originate from Medieval Turkic nomads, either from the "Russian Steppe" or migrants from Anatolia[37]. In contrast to BLT, however, although Gagauz switched from Islam to Orthodox Christianity in medieval times, they still speak a language close to Oghuz Turkic spoken in Turkey. Furthermore, the uniparental gene pools of Gagauz harbor no haplogroups that can be unanimously described as East Eurasian[38,39]; and they virtually lack an East Eurasian signal in their autosomal genomes2, confirmed in the present study (Figs 2 and 3). Hence, peoples of two mid-European Turkic enclaves must have had contrasting demographic histories; while BLT retained a strong genetic signal of their nomadic, in part East Eurasian, origin, in the case of Gagauz a language shift among a Medieval Balkan population to Turkic is a more likely scenario.
Originally Posted by
Speedy Freedy
Nice pics, thank you for the posts. On some pics probably are the indigenous Siberian Tatars, while you are likely wright about on some pics being people with Volga Tatar ancestry.
Yeah, a lot of them look so Mongoloid that they couldn't pass as Volga Tatars. But for example these look more like Volga Tatars (or like Siberian Tatars mixed with Russians or something). However both of them have a Tatar surname.
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