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Great thread. As a fan of railway transport and trams in particular, I will try to list the main models of the Moscow tram.
From 1907 to 1912, more than 600 “F” carriages were delivered to Moscow, which were produced simultaneously by three plants in Mytishchi, Kolomna and Sormovo.
After the revolution, the aforementioned three plants switched to the production of the "BF" brand carriage, many of which walked along Moscow streets until 1970.
In 1926, the first Soviet tram of the KM type (Kolomna motor), which was distinguished by increased capacity, got on the rails. Unique reliability allowed KM trams to remain in service right up to 1974.
For the 800th anniversary of Moscow in 1947, the Tushinsky Plant developed the MTV-82 car with a body unified with the MTB-82 trolleybus.
In 1960, 20 copies of the RVZ-6 tram were delivered to Moscow. For only 6 years they were operated by the Apakovsky depot, after which they were transferred to Tashkent, which suffered from the earthquake. Shown at the parade RVZ-6 No. 222 was stored in Kolomna as a teaching aid.
In 1959, the first batch of significantly more comfortable and technologically advanced Tatra T2 cars, which opened the Czechoslovak Era in the history of the Moscow tram, was purchased for Moscow. The prototype of this tram was an American RCC type car.
In our climate, the “Czechs” T2 proved to be unreliable, and almost exclusively for Moscow, and then for the entire Soviet Union, the Tatra-Smikhov plant began to produce new T3 trams. It was the first luxury car with a large spacious driver's cab. In 1964-76, Czech wagons completely replaced the old types from Moscow streets. In total, Moscow purchased more than 2,000 T3 trams, some of which are still in operation.
In 1993, several more Tatra T6B5 and T7B5 wagons were purchased, which served only until 2006-2008.
In 1988, due to lack of funds, purchases of Czech wagons ceased, and the only way out was to purchase new domestic trams of comparatively lower quality. At this time, the Ust-Katavsky Wagon-Building Plant in the Chelyabinsk Region mastered the production of the KTM-8 model. Especially for the narrow Moscow streets, the KTM-8M model with a reduced size was developed. Later, new models of KTM-19, KTM-21 and KTM-23 were delivered to Moscow.
Across Europe, in many Asian countries, in Australia, in the USA, the newest high-speed tram systems with low-floor cars moving on a separate canvas are now being created. Often for this purpose, the movement of cars from the central streets is specially removed. Moscow cannot refuse the global vector of development of public transport, and last year it was decided to purchase 120 Foxtrot cars of the joint production of the Polish company PESA and Uralvagonzavod.
The first in Moscow to 100% low-floor wagons assigned the numerical name 71-414. The 26-meter-long wagon with two joints and four doors holds up to 225 passengers. The new domestic tram KTM-31 has similar characteristics, but its low traffic floor is only 72%, but it costs one and a half times cheaper.
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