Which European country/countries after the Big 4 have contributed most in the last Millennium?

[Jana]

Smaller countries that contributed a lot: Netherlands, Scotland, Hungary, Portugal, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden....

[Ülev]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanseatic_League

[Creoda]

Based on the number of Nobel laureates Sweden and Russia.

The Nobel Prize has only been around since like 1900.

[gixajo]

Based on the number of Nobel laureates Sweden and Russia.

Do you consider that Sweden number of Nobel laureates has nothing to do with the fact that Nobel is a prize that gives precissely Sweden?

[gixajo]

Depending in what period.

1-France
2-Italy
3-Russia
4-UK

In a second level

5-Germany
6A-Spain
6C-Portugal
7-Netherlands

[Samnium]

Depending in what period.

1-France
2-Italy
3-Russia
4-UK

In a second level

5-Germany
6A-Spain
6C-Portugal
7-Netherlands

Netherlands above Portugal and Spain in my opinion. Germany is in the big 4 so Russia shouldn't be third.

[Samnium]

The Nobel Prize has only been around since like 1900.

And the Nobel Prize isn't even a good indicator. There are people that never received a Nobel Prize despite making very important breakthroughs.

[Ülev]

friendly reminder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartary

[gixajo]

Netherlands above Portugal and Spain in my opinion. Germany is in the big 4 so Russia shouldn't be third.

I don´t know what contribution he meant, but in historical contribution I think that Spain and Portugal had contributed more last millenium than Netherlands.

Germany has only had a punctual influence during the last millenium.

I am thinking in overall historical contribution during the last millenium, not nowadays only.

In sciences, I would choose: European jews, independently of their country of birth.

[gixajo]

friendly reminder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartary

But Tartars are not Europeans.