Which European country/countries after the Big 4 have contributed most in the last Millennium?

[brennus dux gallorum]

Russia, and I guess it's going to be (if it's not already) on the top of Europe, but not of the world, as the center is moving from Europe to far east

But since you are asking for the last millenium instead of the last 200 or 500 years, the eastern Roman empire dominated almost every sector till early 1200's

[Samnium]

I don´t know what contribution he meant, but in historical contribution I think that Spain and Portugal had contributed more last millenium than Netherlands.

Germany has only had a punctual influence during the last millenium.

I am thinking in overall historical contribution during the last millenium, not nowadays only.

In sciences, I would choose: European jews, independently of their country of birth.

Germany hadn't only a punctual influence.

German philosophy : Kant, Hegel, Heidegger, Nieztsche, Schopenhauer, Fichte ....

German music : Bach, Beethoven, Wagner, Schumann, Handel, Brahms, Strauss... Only the first 3 names are amongst the best composers that the world ever seen.

German painting : Durer, Lucas von Cranach, Caspar Fiedrich, Hans Holbein the Young...

German litterature : Goethe, Schiller, Grimm, Junger...

I will not enumerate but Germany had very important contributions in all scientific fields spanning from mathematics (Hilbert, Gauss, Riemann...) to natural sciences and archeology.

For Netherlands, Netherlands did have contributed to the sciences/arts than Iberia, it's pretty blatant. The sense of "contribution" is really that : "inventions", "discoveries", "important art movements/artists/works".

[pulstar]

The Nobel Prize has only been around since like 1900.

He picked a good classifier. Besides rapid development of mankind actually started in late 19th and early 20th century.

[Blondie]

scandinavian countries

[Samnium]

He picked a good classifier. Besides rapid development of mankind actually started in late 19th and early 20th century.

There are lot of dubious Nobel Prize given to people that sometimes weren't even very important in the discovery involved. There are many other indicators that are more precise and solid.

[pulstar]

There are lot of dubious Nobel Prize given to people that sometimes weren't even very important in the discovery involved. There are many other indicators that are more precise and solid.

Such as?

[Creoda]

He picked a good classifier. Besides rapid development of mankind actually started in late 19th and early 20th century.

Rapid intellectual & artistic development began in the 15th-16th centuries, rapid scientific & technological advancement began in the 18th century. Only the rapid material development of the masses began in the 19th century.

[gixajo]

Germany hadn't only a punctual influence.

German philosophy : Kant, Hegel, Heidegger, Nieztsche, Schopenhauer, Fichte ....

German music : Bach, Beethoven, Wagner, Schumann, Handel, Brahms, Strauss... Only the first 3 names are amongst the best composers that the world ever seen.

German painting : Durer, Lucas von Cranach, Caspar Fiedrich, Hans Holbein the Young...

German litterature : Goethe, Schiller, Grimm, Junger...

I will not enumerate but Germany had very important contributions in all scientific fields spanning from mathematics (Hilbert, Gauss, Riemann...) to natural sciences and archeology.

For Netherlands, Netherlands did have contributed to the sciences/arts than Iberia, it's pretty blatant. The sense of "contribution" is really that : "inventions", "discoveries", "important art movements/artists/works".

Please, don´t start with your lists, I know perfectly all you posted, I knew it perfectly even before you learned to read.

I explained my point of view. That´s all, I think that I was fair.

I recommend you not to think that anyone knows less than you. I think I don´t do it with anyone.

Thanks.

[Samnium]

Such as?

You can read this article pretty complete :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_controversies

[pulstar]

Rapid intellectual & artistic development began in the 15th-16th centuries, rapid scientific & technological advancement began in the 18th century. Only the rapid material development of the masses began in the 19th century.

Development can be easily measured with a couple of factors, and they all start to move exponentially upwards somewhere in the mid/late 19th century. For instance, check timelines of energy consumption, life expectancy, literature rate etc. Just because you heard for some individuals such as David, Michelangelo, Newton or Leibniz who lived in 16th, 17th or 18th century does not mean that the country they lived in was developed. It came on later on. Existence of one or two significant people doesn't necessarily mean that the country they're coming from was developed, nor that it contributed much, as such people can be exceptions from the system they lived in.

You can read this article pretty complete :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_controversies

I meant what are the better indicators. I don't mind the controversies, that's all normal for such a prestigious prize.