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Here I was accused of eclectic opinions, so I will try to give a short explanation.
There was such a Russian historian, Alexander Pyzhikov, who died the year before last. He used quite extensive material and convincingly showed (I will say a little from afar) that the Russian schism was actually a social schism, it just could have only a religious form at that time, ended in a real civil war, in which the Old Believers lost, but this loss squeezed the spring. which unclenched in 1917. Russia owes the success of the Bolshevik revolution to a colossal number of Old Believers, who constituted the bulk of the workers and peasants. From the very beginning, the Old Believers had tension in relation to the Russian Orthodox Church and in relation to the Comintern, who were mainly Jews. This interaction of the Bolshevik Old Believers and the working mass of the Old Believers with the Jewish representatives of the Comintern was the basis of Stalin's political maneuvering and strategic planning, which led to the cleansing of the Comintern in the late 1930s. Views on the economy, methods of stimulation (motivation for productive work), focus on reducing costs (Stalin) instead of increasing the profitability (after Stalin) of production, treating the USSR as a raw material appendage of the West or as a sovereign self-sufficient balanced economy, principles of party building, state construction - all this is evidence of the fundamental differences between the Russians (Stalinists) and the Comintern (like Otto Kuusinen, Andropov's "godfather", who was in turn Gorbachev's "godfather"). The Comintern was controlled by the Finintern, from the very beginning of the Comintern's existence, the entire Marxist movement was a project of the Finintern (which, in particular, is confirmed by current events and actions) and in any case, the principled approaches of the Comintern and the Russian Bolsheviks were obliged to contradict.
It was not for nothing that until the 1950s there was a clear distinction in the USSR, when a person called himself a communist, he was often asked a clarifying question - "Are you for the communists or the Bolsheviks?"
For a deeper understanding, it makes sense to refer to the sources. These are Pyzhikov's books and Bagaev's book, "The Presumption of Lies". Taken together, a very revealing picture is obtained. Each of them writes about his own and collects information using his own methods, but the puzzle is put together just fine.
In a simplified form - so.
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