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And no Prohibition of alcoholic beverages like the United States, what was that fueled proliferation and the rise of Italian mafia in United States.Originally Posted by Hajimurad
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UNO DE LOS 30 PROFUGOS MAS BUSCADOS EN ITALIA
Cayó un capo de la camorra
Lo detuvo la Policía Federal en la localidad de San Martín En Italia fue condenado a más de 100 años de prisión por asociación mafiosa, tráfico de drogas y homicidio Cuando lo detuvieron no estaba armado
04/09/1997 - 0:00
Mario Fabbrocino, el capo de uno de los principales grupos de la camorra napolitana, dejó ayer de ser uno de los 30 prófugos más buscados de Italia. La Policía Federal lo detuvo en la localidad bonaerense de San Martín.La policía italiana había pedido la captura internacional de Fabbrocino, quien estaba prófugo hace más de diez años y fue condenado en ausencia a más de cien años de cárcel por varios delitos.El subcomisario Carlos Contreras, jefe de la División Operaciones Federales de la Policía Federal, explicó ayer: La investigación comenzó hace 15 días cuando Interpol Argentina recibió una comunicación de su par italiano.En el escrito se indicaba que Fabbrocino era buscado por asociación mafiosa, homicidio, tráfico de drogas y falsificación de documentos, y que probablemente estaba en algún lugar de Sudamérica.Concretamente el escrito indicaba que el italiano, nacido en Ottaviano, Nápoles, hace 55 años, podía estar escondido en esa localidad del Gran Buenos Aires dedicado precisamente al tráfico de drogas.La Nueva FamiliaA Fabbrocino originalmente se lo vincula con la Nueva Familia, un cartel de bandas enfrentado a la Nueva Camorra de Raffaele Cutolo. Su enemistad con Cutolo se agravó en 1982, cuando el capo ordenó matar a su hermano Francesco Fabbrocino.Fabbrocino se alió luego con Carmine Alfieri, actualmente preso y colaborador de la Justicia italiana. Cuando Cutolo fue detenido, Fabbrocino asumió el liderazgo.Los investigadores creen que Fabbrocino está involucrado en el asesinato, en setiembre de 1992, de Luigi Iaconne, cuñado de Cutolo, y también se le atribuye un papel importante en la masacre de Torre Annunziata, en 1984, en la que murieron ocho hombres por orden de Alfieri.La Justicia italiana secuestró en octubre de 1989 bienes vinculados a Fabbrocino, entre ellos 20 empresas que facturaban entre 1 y 3 millones de dólares anuales.Fabbrocino fue detectado en un departamento ubicado en la calle Carlos Pellegrini al 1900, de San Martín, el lunes de la semana pasada.El juez federal Martín Suárez Araujo ordenó entonces la intervención de cinco líneas telefónicas. De las escuchas surgió que Fabbrocino podía estar protegido por al menos cinco ciudadanos italianos de San Martín, dijeron fuentes policiales.Las fuentes indicaron que los padres de esos italianos posiblemente hayan sido conocidos de Fabbrocino en Italia.Sin armasAyer, a las 11 de la mañana, lo detuvieron cuando entraba a su casa. Tenía un pasaporte falso a nombre de Pascuale Miranda y a pesar de ser un delincuente muy buscado no iba armado, para evitar complicaciones con la Justicia argentina, según creen los investigadores locales.Tampoco se le conoce una pareja y, según los investigadores, habla muy poco español.Teníamos el dato de que podía estar escondido ahí, por eso apostamos un hombre para que tratara de identificarlo. El policía tenía una foto y carpetas con los datos, explicó un fuente policial.El subcomisario Contreras dijo que Fabbrocino es un capi di tutti le capi de la camorra italiana, es decir un jefe de todos los jefes de la mafia de Nápoles.Fabbrocino quedó detenido en principio por falsificación de documentos. Ahora Interpol Argentina envió los datos a su par italiana para que la Justicia de ese país haga el correspondiente pedido de extradición. Según la ley, tienen 40 días para hacerlo, a partir de ayer.
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Zwi Migdal
Zwi Migdal (Yiddish: צבי מגדל, IPA: [ˈtsvɪ mɪɡˈdal] Polish: Cwi Migdał)[1] was a Jewish[2] organized-crime group, founded in Poland[3] and based mainly in Argentina, that trafficked in Jewish women from Central Europe (mainly from Warsaw, Poland)[4] for sexual slavery and forced prostitution.[5]
Origin of the name
The crime-organization founders, having originated from Warsaw, legally registered as the Varsovia Jewish Mutual Aid Society, which facilitated easy operations.[6] In 1927, after the Polish envoy to Argentina filed an official complaint regarding the organization's use of "Warsaw" in the name (Varsovia in Spanish), they renamed it to Zwi Migdal in recognition of Luis Zvi Migdal, a founder.[7]
History
The Zwi Migdal organization operated from the 1860s to 1939. After the First World War, it had four hundred members in Argentina. Its annual turnover was fifty million dollars at the turn of the century.[citation needed] Its center was Buenos Aires, with branch offices in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santos), United States (New York City), Poland (Warsaw), South Africa, India and China.[8]
The Zwi Migdal Organization reached its peak in the 1920s: 430 ruffians, or pimps, controlled 2,000 brothels with 4,000 women in Argentina alone.[9] The organization's success stemmed from the fact that its members were bound by rules that were "based on order, discipline, and honesty." The network was well-organized and members cooperated closely to protect their interests.
Modus operandi
The organization lured girls and young women from Europe in several ways. For instance, a well-mannered and elegant-looking man would appear in a poor Jewish village in Poland or Russia.[10] He would advertise his search for young women to work in the homes of wealthy Jews in Argentina by posting an ad in the local synagogue. Fearful of pogroms and often in desperate economic circumstances, the parents would send their daughters away with these men, hoping to give them a fresh start. Another popular ruse was to find pretty girls and marry them, usually in a ceremony known as a "shtille chupah" (Yiddish expression meaning a quick wedding ceremony).[11] The girls bade their families farewell and boarded ships to Argentina believing that they were on their way toward a better future. Their period of training as sex slaves often started on the ship. Some of them were married off to local men so that they could obtain entry visas.
Prostitutes who failed to satisfy their clients were beaten, fined or sent to work in provincial houses. Every business transaction was logged. The rufianes held a "meat market" in which newly arrived girls were paraded naked in front of traders in places such as Hotel Palestina and Cafe Parisienne. These activities went on undisturbed because the brothels were frequented by government officials, judges and journalists. City officials, politicians and police officers were bribed. The pimps had powerful connections everywhere. The largest brothels in Buenos Aires housed as many as 60 to 80 sex slaves. Although there were brothels all over Argentina, most were in Buenos Aires, in the Jewish quarter on Junin Street.[citation needed]
Influence of the organization
The organization had arms in several countries, and was a controversial presence in South America's Jewish community. It was a supporter of Yiddish theatre in Brazil, but was attacked by Jews in Rio de Janeiro for presenting Torah scrolls. A great number of Jews who had come to Brazil did so as families, and viewed prostitution as immoral and "impure" influences. Zwi Migdal's attempt to relocate to Rio, after events in Buenos Aires (discussed below), caused an increased battle against the group among Brazilian Jews.[12]
In Argentina, the group's activities were at times used to bolster antisemitism, a use that also occurred in Brazil,[13] where the Jewish community also often opposed the organization.[14] More specifically the group was cited in relation to negative views of Eastern European Jews, who were at times seen as more prone to criminality and/or political radicalism within Argentinian society, as opposed to German Jews.[15] The Chilean Nicolás Palacios used their crimes in claims Jews "dominated" Argentina's women and were "polluting" that nation.[16]
Shunning by Jewish communityAs the pimps prospered, the Argentinian Jewish community rejected them. Articles condemning the rufianes appeared in the local press, and in 1885, the community established the Jewish Association for the Protection of Women and Girls. Notices posted on the walls of the Jewish quarter warned locals not to rent to the rufianes. Nevertheless, the pimps aspired to be part of the community. The wealthiest were patrons of the Jewish theater, which was the center of Jewish cultural life in Buenos Aires. Despite their trade, Zwi Migdal members donated funds for the construction of synagogues and other community buildings. Community leaders were divided on whether to accept these donations, some fearing that accepting "dirty" money would legitimize the exploitation of women. Later the "tmeyim" (unclean), as they were known, pimps and prostitutes alike, were banned from synagogues and refused burial in the local Jewish cemetery.
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Splinter groups
Zwi Migdal later split and a splinter group led by Simon Rubinstein established its own society named Ashkenazum. Once officially recognized, both associations bought plots of land on the outskirts of Buenos Aires and established their own cemeteries there.
Downfall
Raquel Liberman in the 1930s.
The organization worked to force Raquel Liberman, a former prostitute, to return to prostitution. Liberman had emigrated to Argentina after her husband, who died a year after her arrival, leaving her with two small sons. To support them she worked as prostitute, until saving enough money to open an antique shop, which was later raided by local pimps who robbed her of her savings and forced her back to prostitution. There Liberman contacted the police superintendent, Julio Alsogaray, whom she had heard would not accept bribes from Zwi Migdal, and was looking for ways to destroy the organization. Slipping into his office one day, she gave detailed testimony on the workings of Zwi Migdal, thus enabling the police to launch an extensive investigation.[17] The case was handled by an investigative judge, Rodriguez Ocampo, who also refused to be bribed. The lengthy trial ended in September 1930, with 108 criminal convictions. "The very existence of the Zwi Migdal Organization directly threatens our society," wrote Ocampo in his verdict, handing down long prison sentences. The pimps appealed their sentences from prison in January 1931, and senior Justice Ministry officials released all but three of them. After this was reported in the media, public outrage convinced the authorities to rescind the releases. Later, hundreds of pimps were deported to Uruguay, but slowly returned over the years, one by one.
Zwi Migdal in BrazilThe first boatload of young Jewish women arrived in Brazil in 1867. In 1872, the imperial Brazilian government extradited some Jewish pimps and prostitutes, but the criminal activities continued. The brothels were concentrated in a few streets near downtown, in the Mangue neighborhood, a city zone where prostitution was segregated and legally authorized. As most of the prostitutes came from Poland, they were called "polacas" ("Polish women") and this word acquired a scornful meaning in Brazilian Portuguese language.
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By 1913, there were 431 brothels controlled by the Zwi Migdal in Rio de Janeiro. They were concentrated in a few streets near downtown, in the Mangue neighborhood, a city zone where prostitution was commonplace and tolerated.
The prostitutes, largely illiterate, poor and despised by the mainstream Jewish community, banded together to form their own self benevolent societies. In 1906 they formed in Rio de Janeiro their own Chesed Shel Emes (lit. Society of True Charity), formally registered as "Associação Beneficente Funerária e Religiosa Israelita" - ABFRI (Jewish Benevolent Association for Burial and Religion). Note that this organization was created and run by women exploited by Zwi Migdal and other Jewish crime syndicates, but they had no connection with criminal activities.
That social and religious organization was created and managed mainly by the Polish-Jewish prostitutes ("polacas") exploited by Jewish crime syndicates. Their main goals, they wrote in the founding charter, were: "to set up a synagogue, and there practice all the ceremonies of the Jewish religion; to grant sick members in need of treatment outside the city a third-class train ticket and three pounds sterling; to grant members a third-class funeral." Despite their troubled life and social despise, these women never forgot that they were Jewish.
Using their association savings, they purchased real-state properties and founded their own cemetery in 1916 and their own synagogue in 1942. In its heyday, several Brazilian cities had its own Chesed Shel Emes associations and several rabbis, all since deceased, were employed by the communities. Rio de Janeiro's Chesed Shel Emes association was the largest one. It was led by one of their own elected freely and called "Irmã Superiora" ("superior sister"), who used a large blue ribbon across her chest during reunions and feasts.
The Buenos Aires police enforcement, led by Julio Alsogaray, gave a deep blow in Jewish crime syndicates that affected their activities even in Brazil. The destruction of the Jewish communities in Eastern Europe during the World War II eliminated the last links between South American and European Jewish crimes syndicates. After 1939, the Jewish women traffic ceased, but Jewish women could be found in the Brazilian prostitution zones until the end of the 1950s.
Rio de Janeiro's Chesed Shel Emes had four "Irmãs Superioras" ("superior sisters"); the last one was Rebeca Freedman, also known as Rebeka Fridman or "dona Beka" (Ms. Beka). The other women used to refer to her as their queen. Although born in Poland, she came to Brazil around 1916 from the United States when she was about 35 years old. Certainly she followed some connections between New York and Rio de Janeiro crime syndicates. Deeply religious, she made her mission to perform the sacred tahara ceremony of washing the dead and provide a proper Jewish burial for all her "sisters". She died in 1984 at the age of 103.
The Jewish women benevolent organizations ceased to exist when all their members died, married or moved to other cities. As no new member joined, the number of "sisters" dwindled and their association assets were eventually donated to or purchased by the "respectable" Jewish associations. As part of the bargain, some women were accepted in their final days in Jewish rest homes for elderly people, but many of them died in deep poverty in public rest home with beggars. Some of them married Jews or non-Jewish men and were absorbed by the respectful Brazilian society. Most of the reluctance to speak about the history of Zwi Migdal can be attributed to the fact that the prostitutes' descendants are today living a very comfortable and prominent life.
LegacyThe cemeteries created by the Jewish prostitutes associations were the starting point in the recognition and interest in those women's history. They are being restored and preserved by members of the Brazilian Jewish community despite the heavy opposition of other members who feel uneasy or ashamed about the past of their friends, fellows or ancestors. In Cubatão City, São Paulo State, there is a Jewish cemetery that was recently restored. In São Paulo City, due to municipal ordinances, almost all the Jewish women's tombs were removed in 1971 from their original place in Chora-Menino Cemetery to anonymous tombs close to the walls of the Butantã Jewish Cemetery. Recently, some members of the Jewish community respectfully engraved on each tombstone the name of each woman there buried. In Rio de Janeiro, the Chesed Shel Emes' Cemetery, located close to the Inhaúma Cemetery, with almost 800 tombs, is abandoned, but some social organizations work to protect, restore and preserve it.
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Brazilian Portuguese vocabulary
The word "cafetão" (pimp) is derived from caftan,[18] the long coat traditionally used by Eastern Europe Jews. The word "polaca" (Polish woman) is commonly used in countries where Portuguese is spoken, but in Brazil it became extremely offensive to Polish people because it was used as synonymous to prostitute.[12][13][14] So the words "polonesa" and "polonês" (Polish woman and Polish man) were created and are the only socially accepted in Brazil to name people from Poland.[18] As French pimps mainly from Marseille also bought women from to work as prostitutes in Brazil, the word "francesa" (Frenchwoman) also had the same fate, but it is still used in Brazilian Portuguese without a pejorative meaning. The word "encrenca", nowadays meaning trouble, derived from the Yiddish "en krenk" (a sick one, similar to the German "ein Kranker"), and originally referred to a man with venereal diseases.
Cultural and literary references
The trafficking of women for sex work found mention in Yiddish literature. Among theater plays which raised the subject were Peretz Hirschbein's “Miriam” (1905-1908) and the directly focused Leib Malach's "Ibergus" (1927).[5] Among Yiddish prose, the subject featured in Sholem Aleichem's The Man from Buenos Aires (Yiddish: “Der Mentsch fun Buenos Aires,” 1909, English: 1987)[5][19][20] and more recently in Isaac Bashevis Singer's "Scum" (Yiddish: "Shoym", year?; English: 1991).
The 1979 movie Last Embrace by Jonathan Demme (based on the novel The Thirteenth Man by Murray Teigh Bloom and a screenplay by David Shaber[21]) features a woman who, taking the role of the biblical avenger Goel Hadam, serially kills the members of the New York Lower East Side Zwi Migdal who enslaved her grandmother.
The 1991 movie Naked Tango by Leonard Schrader alludes to the activities of Zwi Migdal.[22] The film's heroine assumes the identity of an Eastern European woman traveling to Buenos Aires to meet a prospective husband and in the process gets herself caught up in the prostitution network. The film, however, is motivated more by sensationalism than by indignation.
The 2001 movie Sonhos Tropicais ("Tropical Dreams"), directed by André Sturm, also deals with the same topic, following Esther, a Jewish girl from Poland lured into a false promise of marriage, who finds herself enslaved in brothels in Rio de Janeiro from 1899 to 1904. As a background, the film shows the Vaccine Revolt in the city.
The 2019 novel The Third Daughter by Talia Carner is a penetrating look into early 20th-century sex-trafficking. In a nod to The Man from Buenos Aires, Carner brings us Batya, the third daughter of a dairyman in the Russian countryside, a fourteen-year-old fleeing anti-Semitic pogroms with her family. Desperate, her father leaps at the opportunity to marry Batya to a worldly, wealthy stranger who guarantees his daughter a comfortable life and passage to America. But innocent Batya soon discovers her father has been duped as she is shipped as a sex-slave to Buenos Aires, a city where Zwi Migdal operates with impunity as prostitution is not only legal, but a pillar of the growing Argentinian economy.
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Juan Galiffi
Juan Galiffi (Ravanusa, Sicilia; 9 de diciembre de 1892 – Milán; 25 de enero de 1943), más conocido como Chicho Grande o el Al Capone de Rosario, fue un famoso gánster italiano de las décadas de 1920 y 1930 que vivió en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina, aunque indicaba que su trabajo era de empresario.
Biografía
Rosario
Juan Galiffi nace en Sicilia, Italia, en el año 1892. Llegó a la Argentina con 18 años, en 1910, y se radicó en Gálvez, provincia de Santa Fe.1 Allí tuvo un vertiginoso ascenso: de empleado fabril pasó a ser dueño de una peluquería, de una cantina y de una carpintería. Compró casas y viñedos en Mendoza y San Juan y caballos de carrera.
Galiffi transformó a Rosario en la Chicago argentina. Desarrolló una mafia asociándose a delincuentes.2 Se le atribuyó el secuestro y muerte del estudiante Abel Ayerza Arning3 y de Silvio Alzogaray, periodista del diario Crítica.4
Secuestro de Abel Ayerza Arning
El secuestro y posterior muerte de Abel Ayerza Arning, perteneciente a una familia reconocida de la alta sociedad, generó una gran repercusión en la sociedad argentina. Esta repercusión generó una presión pública que logró la búsqueda y detención de los asesinos de Abel.
Abel Ayerza Arning era un estudiante de medicina hijo del Dr. Abel Ayerza y nieto del Dr. Toribio Ayerza (1815-1884) quien llegó al país en 1846, de origen vasco-Español. Este médico ganó prestigio al realizar la primera traqueotomía en la Argentina, que le permitió salvar cientos de vidas en la época anterior a la vacuna contra la difteria, y siendo posteriormente cofundador de la Cruz Roja Argentina.
Toribio fue el fundador de una familia en la que se han destacado médicos de diversas especialidades. A su alrededor se nucleó la comunidad vasca en varias entidades como la Laurak Bat, entidad que presidió.
En octubre de 1932, el joven Abel Ayerza Arning es secuestrado en la provincia de Córdoba, en las proximidades de una estancia que sus padres poseían en Marcos Juárez, se encontraba con otro joven de su amistad, Ricardo Hueyo. Ricardo era el hijo del Ministro de Hacienda de la Nación, durante la presidencia de Agustín P. Justo.
El Ministro, conocedor de las vinculaciones de la Mafia rosarina con la policía santafesina, pidió al presidente de la República, Agustín P. Justo, la intervención de la Policía de la Capital Federal.
El jefe de la banda era Juan Galiffi, Chicho el Grande, quien decidió, ante la intervención de la Policía Federal, liberar a Ricardo Hueyo. Éste posteriormente colaboró con la investigación del paradero de Ayerza, pudiéndose determinar que el joven estaría cautivo en la zona de Corral de Bustos. Por otra parte, la familia de Abel decidió pagar el rescate para obtener su liberación, cosa que ocurre en Buenos Aires, entregándole a Santos Gerardi la suma de ciento veinte mil pesos.
Luego del supuesto pago de rescate, los secuestradores esperaban un mensaje telegráfico. El mensaje cifrado mediante la transmisión telegráfica fue enviado como: “manden el chancho”, por liberen al secuestrado pero llegaría a la estafeta de Colón con un error que sentenció la vida del joven Abel al transmitirse como “maten el chancho”. Juan Vinti, miembro de la banda, sacó al joven de la casa de los hermanos Di Grado, lo llevó a un maizal, lo ultimó de cinco balazos y lo enterró, huyendo los secuestradores del lugar.
Una vez detenida gran parte de la banda de Juan Galiffi, el cadáver del joven Ayerza fue localizado el 21 de febrero de 1933.
Fueron condenados a prisión perpetua Vicente Di Grado, Pablo Di Grado, Juan Vinti, Romeo Capuani y José La Torre. Chicho grande no fue encontrado culpable.5
El 24 de febrero de 1933 llegan sus restos a Buenos Aires, ante la indignación y dolor general de la ciudadanía, al ser sepultado en el cementerio de La Recoleta, donde se alza la bóveda familiar de los Ayerza, un familiar del joven, Juan Antonio Bourdieu, denunciaba la complicidad del Estado y llamaba a la militarización de los ciudadanos. Numerosas voces se alzarían pidiendo la restauración de la pena de muerte, que fue alentada por el propio Ministro de Justicia Manuel Iriondo.6
Chicho Chico
Pero la aparición del ingeniero argelino Alí Ben Amar el Sharpe marcó un quiebre en la "sociedad". Era, en realidad, un italiano llamado Francisco Morrone (luego apodado "Chicho Chico") que quiso disputarle a Galiffi su liderazgo.
En 1933 la gente de Galiffi ahorca a Francisco Morrone.7 Galiffi se entregó a la Policía alegando que era víctima de calumnias.
Luego del secuestro de Abel Ayerza y desmantelada su organización, Juan Galiffi deja la Argentina.
Italia
Sin pruebas en su contra, fue deportado a Italia en 1933. Allí se ganó la amistad de Benito Mussolini. Murió en el 1943 durante un bombardeo en Milán por un paro cardíaco en su cama.
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Just reading it now... I had heard about Jews importing European and Jewish women to work as prostitutes in Latin America already
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Here existed that situation with many ashkenazi women.
But they were forced to practice the prostitution.
https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwi_Migdal
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Cuz many italians from south america were from northern italian origin.
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In Argentina most most italians who stayed in the capital city area were from south Italy (even though many there were a good number of northerners too).
Most north italians settled in the countryside of the central region, and in Córdoba and Rosario.
But probably it's because most italians who arrived were very modest and hardworker people...
They were very honest people mostly.
Which was not very positive is that some of them had anarchist ideas.
Last edited by Erronkari; 08-14-2020 at 04:55 PM.
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Do you have documents about that? Is very hard to find white argentines tanned :
Even the ratio of tanned people(or people with slanted eyes) are greater there than in Argentina:
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Sure.Do you have documents about that? Is very hard to find white argentines tanned :
Even the ratio of tanned people(or people with slanted eyes) are greater there than in Argentina:
That's what the genetic tests say and Argentano posted a lot of them.
The mistake is to think that most of southern italians look like John Turturro or like Capone.
A bunch of south italians who came here did from Naples and Calabria, and in those regions the bulk of the people are not dark skinned.
There are a lot of people really light.
If we see the total, so probably half of people came from south italy and other half from the north.
What I said is that in the capital city stayed more from the south.
But the capital city is not the whole country.
I don't know why a bunch of foreigners seem convinced that Argentina = Buenos Aires and the rest is nothing.
It's really sad to see that.
Indeed the best of Argentina is the whole country with a lot of diversity in all senses.
But insist that the stereotype = southern itañian = swarthy is wrong.
See for example Pandolfo brothers there in Costa Rica, they are calabrian descendants and they are quite light skinned in my humble opinion.
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