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I'm wondering because if you read Vargas Llosa's first three novels, "La Ciudad y Los Perros," "La Casa Verde" and "Conversacion en La Catedral." The society he describes is very conservative, traditional gender roles, fist fighting, and there's even a lot of worth put in concepts like "Honor" and 'Respect." Sure all of these values could be Amerindian culture. However, most of his characters were Criollos and Mestizos, and even he said that initially in Lima and Arequipa, there was few Amerindian immigration from the mountains that happened much later in the 1980s.
I don't know much about Spain, however, form what I was learning after Franco's death in 1975, Spain undergoes a cultural transformation. At least, I was watching a documentary on La Movidad Madrileña, and it seems to have been the Spanish version of the American 1960's counter-culture with drugs, transgenderism and rock music...etc.
PS: People think I admire Anglo-America culture but this isn't the case. I praise when it does things right. I rightfully criticize it when it doesn't. However, I like many Americans and Brits themselves disapprove of radical liberalism. For instance, in certain cities like NYC you'll see posters of goats having sex all over the city. And people saying that it's art and progressive. While I completely disagree.
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