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Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia,Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S...674(20)30509-2
Here, we report genome-wide data analyses from 110 ancient Near Eastern individuals spanning the Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age, a period characterized by intense interregional interactions for the Near East. We find that 6 th millennium BCE populations of North/Central Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus shared mixed ancestry on a genetic cline that formed during the Neolithic between Western Anatolia and regions in today’s Southern Caucasus/Zagros. During the Late Chalcolithic and/or the Early Bronze Age, more than half of the Northern Levantine gene pool was replaced, while in the rest of Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, we document genetic continuity with only transient gene flow. Additionally, we reveal a genetically distinct individual within the Late Bronze Age Northern Levant. Overall, our study uncovers multiple scales of population dynamics through time, from extensive admixture during the Neolithic period to long-distance mobility within the globalized societies of the Late Bronze Age.
The Genomic History of the BronzeAge Southern Levant
https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/sites/...onze_Age_0.pdf
We report genome-wide DNA data for 73 individuals from five archaeological sites across the Bronze and IronAges Southern Levant. These individuals, who share the ‘‘Canaanite’’ material culture, can be modeled as de-scending from two sources: (1) earlier local Neolithic populations and (2) populations related to the ChalcolithicZagrosorthe Bronze Age Caucasus.The non-local contributionincreased over time,as evinced by three outlierswho can be modeled as descendants of recent migrants. We show evidence that different ‘‘Canaanite’’ groupsgenetically resemble each other more than other populations. We find that Levant-related modern populationstypically have substantial ancestry coming from populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros and the BronzeAge Southern Levant. These groups also harbor ancestry from sources we cannot fully model with the availabledata, highlighting the critical role of post-Bronze-Age migrations into the region over the past 3,000 years.
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