I think I'm in love with the Switzerland statist structure lmfao.

The Swiss Federal Constitution[12] declares the cantons to be sovereign to the extent that their sovereignty is not limited by federal law.[13] Areas specifically reserved to the Confederation are the armed forces, currency, the postal service, telecommunications, immigration into and emigration from the country, granting asylum, conducting foreign relations with sovereign states, civil and criminal law, weights and measures, and customs duties. Each canton has its own constitution, legislature, executive, police and courts.[13] The cantonal constitutions determine the internal organisation of the canton, including the degree of autonomy accorded to the municipalities, which varies but almost always includes the power to levy taxes and pass municipal laws; some municipalities have their own police forces. Swiss citizens are citizens of a particular municipality (the place of origin) and the canton in which that municipality is part. Cantons therefore have a role in and set requirements for the granting of citizenship (naturalisation), though the process is typically undertaken at a municipal level and is subject to federal law.

Each canton of the Old Swiss Confederacy, formerly also Ort (from before 1450), or Stand ("estate", from c. 1550), was a fully sovereign state with its own border controls, army, and currency from at least the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848, with a brief period of centralised government during the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803). The term Kanton has been widely used since the 19th century.[2]

1. République et canton du Jura
The population is almost entirely French-speaking. Just one municipality is German-speaking: Ederswiler. The majority of the population is Roman Catholic (75% as of 2000) with a small Protestant minority (13%).[7] The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 73,419.[2] As of 2007, the population included 8,195 foreigners, or about 11.8% of the total population.[8]


2. République et canton de Genève
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 499,480.[2] As of 2013, the population included 194,623 foreigners from 187 different nations, or about 40.1% of the total population.[2] In 2012, 5.4% of the Genevan population (aged 15 years and older) belonged to other Christian groups, 5.5% were Muslims, and 5.9% belonged to other religious groups.[19][20] The remainder of the population was religiously unaffiliated or did not answer the census question.


3. République et Canton de Neuchâtel
The population is almost entirely French-speaking. The canton has historically been strongly Protestant, but in recent decades it has received an influx of Roman Catholic arrivals, notably from Portugal and Italy. In 2000, its population was closely split between Protestants (38%) and Roman Catholics (31%).[8]


4. Canton of Valais
The western part of Valais (Central and Lower Valais) is French-speaking, while the eastern part (Upper Valais) is German-speaking. The language border crosses the Rhône between the towns of Sierre and Salgesch and follows the mountain ridge including Bella Tola, Weisshorn and Dent Blanche. At the 2000 census, 62.8% of the population of Valais spoke French or Arpitan, 28.4% spoke German or Walser German, 2.2% spoke Italian and 6.6% spoke other languages. Only 114 people reported speaking Romansh.[7] Its population (as of 31 December 2018) is 343,955.[2] There is no major city located in the canton. As of 2017, 77% of total population is Roman Catholic, while only 6% are members of Swiss Reformed Church.[9]


5. Canton de Vaud
The population is French-speaking and historically was mostly Protestant (Calvinist), dating from the early years of the Reformation. Recently, however, this has been changing due to immigration from Southern Europe. In 2000, the population was nearly evenly split between Protestants (40%) and Roman Catholics (34%).[14] The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) was 799,145.[2] As of 2010, the population included about 28% foreigners, including many Italians.[15]


6. Repubblica e Cantone Ticino
Ticino has a population (as of 31 December 2018) of 353,343.[2] As of 2013, the population included 94,366 foreigners, or about 27.2% of the total population. The largest groups of foreign population were Italians (46.2%), followed by Croats (6.5%) and the Portuguese (5.9%).[25] The population density (in 2005) is 114.6 persons per km2.[9] As of 2000, 83.1% of the population spoke Italian, 8.3% spoke German and 1.7% spoke Serbo-Croatian.[9] As of 2016, 70.1% of total population is Roman Catholic.[26] According to a 2012 survey, the population aged 15 years and older is mostly Roman Catholic (70%), further Christian denominations account for 10% of the population (including Swiss Reformed 4%), 2% are Muslims and 1% of the population has another religion (including Jews 0.1%).[25]


7. Kanton Thurgau
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 276,472.[2] The canton is mostly German speaking. The population (as of 2000) is split between Protestants (45%) and Roman Catholics (36%).[4]

8. Kanton Aargau
In the 17th century, Aargau was the only federal condominium where Jews were tolerated. In 1774, they were restricted to just two towns, Endingen and Lengnau. While the rural upper class pressed incessantly for the expulsion the Jews, the financial interests of the authorities prevented it. They imposed special taxes on peddling and cattle trading, the primary Jewish professions. The Protestant occupiers also enjoyed the discomfort of the local Catholics by the presence of the Jewish community.[15] The Jews were directly subordinate to the governor; from 1696, they were compelled to renew a letter of protection from him every 16 years.[13]

Aargau has a population (as of December 2018) of 678,207.[2] As of 2010, 21.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 11%. Migration accounted for 8.7%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.8%.[22] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (477,093 or 87.1%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (17,847 or 3.3%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (10,645 or 1.9%). There are 4,151 people who speak French and 618 people who speak Romansh.[23]


9. Canton of Grisons
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 198,379.[2] As of 2007, the population included 28,008 foreigners, or about 14.84% of the total population.[23] The main religions are Catholicism and Protestantism. Both are well represented in the canton, with Roman Catholics forming a slight plurality (47% Catholic to 41% Protestant).[24]

The constitution allows for the enfranchisement of foreign residents at a municipal level, at discretion of the local governments. In 2009, the municipality of Bregaglia became the first in the canton to make use of this provision, granting voting rights to foreigners.[19]

10. Kanton St. Gallen
88% of the population is German-speaking.[9] The main centres of population are the capital St. Gallen (69,700 inhabitants), Jona (18,100), Wil (17,500) and Gossau (17,000). [2] As of 2007, the population included 97,461 foreigners, or about 20.9% of the total population.[10] The majority of the population (as of 2000) is Roman Catholic (52%) while a large minority is Protestant (28%).[11]

11. & 12. Kanton Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden
Appenzell Innerrhoden is the smallest canton of Switzerland by population and the second smallest by area, with canton of Basel-City being the smallest.The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 16,145.[2] As of 2007, the population included 1,510 foreigners, or about 9.76% of the total population.[14] Owing to the split of Appenzell along religious lines, the population (as of 2000) is nearly all Roman Catholic (81%), with a small Protestant minority (10%).[15] It was the last Swiss canton to grant women the right to vote on local issues, in 1991.

The population of the Appenzell Ausserrhoden canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 55,234.[2] As of 2007, the population included 6,959 foreigners, or about 13.22% of the total population.[8] Due to the split of Appenzell, the majority of the population (as of 2000) is Protestant (51%) with a Roman Catholic minority (31%).[9]

Settlement in Appenzell started in the 7th and the 8th century alongside the river Glatt. The monastery of St. Gallen was of great influence on the local population. In 907 Herisau is mentioned for the first time, the canton (Appenzell: abbatis cella) is named first in 1071. The name Appenzell (Latin: abbatis cella) means "cell (i.e. estate) of the abbot". This refers to the Abbey of St. Gall, which exerted a great influence on the area. By the middle of the 11th century the abbots of St. Gall had established their power in the land later called Appenzell, which, too, became thoroughly Teutonized, its early inhabitants having probably been Romanized Raetians.

13. Kanton Schaffhausen
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 81,991.[3] As of 2007, the population included 16,323 foreigners, or about 21.9% of the total population.[9] The German language and Protestant faith predominate. The majority of the population (as of 2000) is Protestant (50%) while a large minority is Roman Catholic (24%).[10] Schaffhausen was a city-state in the Middle Ages; it is documented that it struck its own coins starting in 1045. It was then documented as Villa Scafhusun.[4]

14. & 15. Kanton Basel-Landschaft and Basel-Stadt
The [Basel-Landschaft] population is predominantly German-speaking. Protestantism is the main religion in the canton (43% as of 2000), while about one-third of the population (32%) is Roman Catholic.[5] The Swiss Reformed Church and Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland are recognized as state churches. Between 1959 and 1970 the canton was Switzerland's fastest-growing, as the population almost doubled from 108,000 to 205,000. Today, the canton has a population (as of 31 March 2017) of 289,527.[2] As of 2007, the population included 48,719 foreigners who made up 18.1% of the population.[6]

Basel-Stadt is a half-canton. This means that the canton only sends one representative to the Council of States. The capital of the canton Basel-Stadt is the city of Basel. The population of the canton (as of 31 August 2019) is 200,298.[2] As of 2007, the population included 56,106 foreigners, or about 30.29% of the total population.[9] The population (as of 2000) is nearly evenly split between Roman Catholic (25%) and Protestant (27%). About 10% of the population is classed as "Other Religion" while 36% do not belong to any organized religion.[10]

The present constitution of the canton dates from 1889.The canton has a sister state status with Massachusetts.[7]

16. Canton of Solothurn
The population is mostly German-speaking. About 44% of the population are Roman Catholic, with most of the remainder being Protestants (31% as of 2000).[4] The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 273,194.[2] As of 2007, the population included 46,898 foreigners, or about 18.7% of the total population.[5]

17. Canton of Fribourg
In contrast to the mainly Protestant cantons of Vaud to its west and Bern to its east, the canton of Fribourg is a predominantly Roman Catholic enclave (as of 2000, 70%) with a Protestant minority (15%).[4] The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 318,714.[2] As of 2007, the population included 43,838 foreign-born residents, or about 16.65% of the total population.[5] The canton of Fribourg joined the Swiss Confederation in 1481.

18. Kanton Zug
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 126,837.[2] As of 2014, the population included 31,643 foreigners, or about 26% of the total population, up from 15.6% in 1990.[4] The largest foreign population is to be found in the municipality of Walchwil with 33.2% foreign nationals, then Zug (31.7%), Baar (28.1%), Risch (26.3%), and Oberägeri (25.3%). The lowest rate is to be found in Menzingen (18.9%) and Hünenberg (16.5%).[5] The majority of the population (as of 2000) is Roman Catholic (62%) with a Protestant minority (18%).[6] Until 1814, Zug was in the Diocese of Konstanz, but on the reconstruction of the diocese of Basel in 1828 it was assigned to the latter.[3]

19. Kanton Glarus
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 40,403.[2] As of 2007, the population included 7,314 foreigners (or 19.13% of the total population).[5] The population (as of 2000) is nearly evenly split between Protestants (44%) and Roman Catholics (37%).[6] 83.6% is German-speaking and 6.8% is Italian-speaking.

Glarus joined the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1352 as one of the foundational eight cantons (Acht Orte) of the period of 1353–1481.

20. Kanton Nidwalden
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 43,223.[2] As of 2007, the population included 4,046 foreigners, or about 10% of the total population. By gender the canton is nearly evenly split with 50.9% male and 49.1% female.[3] In 2000, 75.6% of the population was Roman Catholic while 11.9% belong to the Swiss Reformed Church.[8] The population density in December 2005 was 144.3 persons per km2.[6] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (92.5%) with a small minority speaking Italian (1.4%) or Serbo-Croatian (1.2%).[6]

The earliest traces of human settlement date to the Neolithic with sites found near Stansstad that are from 4000–3100 BC.[4] The same sites, near Stansstad, also contain Late Bronze Age (1400–1100 BC) artifacts, with additional Bronze Age sites near Hergiswil and Ennetmoos. A La Tène (500–100 BC) grave for a 10-year-old girl has been found in Stans. Based on these finds, it appears that the Nidwalden region has been settled since the 1st millennium BC.[4]

21. Kanton Obwalden
Obwalden has a population (as of December 2018) of 37,841.[2] As of 2010, 12.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 8.7%. Migration accounted for 5.7%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.5%.[15] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (29,920 or 92.3%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (452 or 1.4%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (399 or 1.2%). There are 144 people who speak French, 329 people who speak Italian and 32 people who speak Romansh.[16]


22. Kanton Schwyz
Schwyz has a population (as of December 2018) of 159,165.[2] As of 2008, 15.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 12.8%. Migration accounted for 10%, while births and deaths accounted for 3.9%.[25] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (115,688 or 89.9%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (2,667 or 2.1%) and Albanian is the third (2,477 or 1.9%). There are 502 people who speak French, 2,447 people who speak Italian and 234 people who speak Romansh.[27]

23. Kanton Uri
Uri has a population (as of December 2018) of 36,433.[2] As of 2010, 9.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of −0.4%. Migration accounted for −1.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.3%.[12] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (32,518 or 93.5%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (677 or 1.9%) and Italian is the third (462 or 1.3%). There are 67 people who speak French and 51 people who speak Romansh.[15]

24. Kanton Luzern
Lucerne has a population (as of December 2018) of 409,557.[2] As of 2013, 18.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals, of which 15.5% are from Europe, 1.4% from Asia, 0.7% from Africa, and 0.5% from America.[12] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of −0.4%. Migration accounted for −1.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.3%.[13] Most of the population (as of 2010) speaks German (91%) as their first language, while Serbo-Croatian, Italian, Albanian and English are the second most common languages (3%), followed by Portuguese and French with 2% each, and Spanish with 1%.[14]

25. Canton of Bern
The canton of Bern is bilingual and has a population (as of 31 December 2018) of 1,034,977.[2] As of 2007, the population included 119,930 (or 12.45%) foreigners.[3]

26. Kanton Zürich
Zürich has a population (as of December 2018) of 1,520,968.[2] As of 2010, 23.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 12.7%. Migration accounted for 10.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.6%.[8] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (1,040,168 or 83.4%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (49,750 or 4.0%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (21,334 or 1.7%).
Summary:
ZH Zürich 1351 Zürich 1,520,968[19] 96,411 1,729 701 166 German
BE Bern 1353 Bern 1,034,977[20] 76,307 5,960 158 347 German, French
LU Luzern 1332 Lucerne 409,557[21] 65,119 1,494 233 83 German
UR Uri 1291[Note 5] Altdorf 36,433[22] 51,332 1,077 33 20 German
SZ Schwyz 1291[Note 5] Schwyz 159,165[23] 58,788 908 143 30 German
OW Obwalden 1291[Note 5] or 1315 (as part of Unterwalden) Sarnen 37,841[24] 64,253 491 66 7 German
NW Nidwalden 1291[Note 5] (as Unterwalden) Stans 43,223[25] 69,559 276 138 11 German
GL Glarus 1352 Glarus 40,403[26] 67,379 685 51 3 German
ZG Zug 1352 Zug 126,837[27] 150,613 239 416 11 German
FR Fribourg 1481 Fribourg 318,714[28] 58,369 1,671 141 136 French, German
SO Solothurn 1481 Solothurn 273,194[29] 65,588 790 308 109 German
BS Basel-Stadt 1501 (as Basel until 1833/1999) Basel 200,298[30] 163,632 37 5,072 3 German
BL Basel-Landschaft 1501 (as Basel until 1833/1999) Liestal 289,527[31] 68,537 518 502 86 German
SH Schaffhausen 1501 Schaffhausen 81,991[32] 85,529 298 246 26 German
AR Appenzell Ausserrhoden 1513 (as Appenzell until 1597/1999) Herisau[Note 6] 55,234[33] 56,663 243 220 20 German
AI Appenzell Innerrhoden 1513 (as Appenzell until 1597/1999) Appenzell 16,145[34] 61,067 172 87 6 German
SG St. Gallen 1803[Note 7] St. Gallen 507,697[35] 72,624 2,031 222 77 German
GR Graubünden; Grisons 1803[Note 8] Chur 198,379[36] 70,968 7,105 26 108 German, Romansh, Italian
AG Aargau 1803[Note 9] Aarau 678,207[37] 61,959 1,404 388 212 German
TG Thurgau 1803[Note 10] Frauenfeld[Note 11] 276,472[38] 60,533 992 229 80 German
TI Ticino 1803[Note 12] Bellinzona 353,343[39] 82,438 2,812 110 115 Italian
VD Vaud 1803[Note 13] Lausanne 799,145[40] 68,084 3,212 188 309 French
VS Valais 1815[Note 14] Sion 343,955[41] 52,532 5,224 53 126 French, German
NE Neuchâtel 1815/1857[Note 15] Neuchâtel 176,850[42] 83,835 802 206 31 French
GE Geneva 1815 Geneva 499,480[43] 102,113 282 1,442 45 French
JU Jura 1979[Note 16] Delémont 73,419[44] 64,606 839 82 55 French
CH Switzerland Bern 8,544,527[45] 78,619 41,291 174 2,222 German, French, Italian, Romansh