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https://royalsocietypublishing.org/d...HKDl2oRhM1E28&
We built a dataset of more than 1200 samples that includes European and sub-Saharan African samples from the 1000 genomes project [31]; Iberian, Basque and Canary Islands populations from Botigué et al. [3]; and a large and diverse dataset of North African populations (which includes both Arab and Berbers and covers a wide geographical extension) from Henn et al. [1] and Arauna et al. [2] (see the electronic supplementary material, table S1 and figure S1). [...] The results suggest that the gene-flow from North Africa into the European Mediterranean coast (Tuscany and the Iberian Peninsula) arrived mainly from the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. In Tuscany, this North African admixture date estimate suggests the movement of peoples during the fall of the Roman Empire around the fourth century. In the Iberian Peninsula, the North African component probably reflects the impact of the Arab expansion since the seventh century and the subsequent expansion of the Christian Kingdoms [...] However, while the data strongly supports a single event of North African admixture in Tuscany; in the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula a history of multiple episodes of gene-flow cannot be ruled out, according to the goodness-of-fit test for two admixture events
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