Magyarország
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Hungarian Revolution in 1956
1956 is a symbol for Hungarians, to whom liberty is the most important. Thousands of Hungarians emigrated from Hungary after Soviet army occupied the country in November. They live all over the world.
After the World War II Hungary become part of territory, which were under Soviet control. Since the end of the 40s only the Communist Party (MDP Hungarian Worker's Party) ruled over the country. The Oppositions (and also some socialist leaders like Laszlo Rajk and Janos Kadar) were imprisoned, its leaders were executed by show trial. People were very poor, there were often lack of goods.
Contrast of this, millions were sent for heavy industry (Miskolc, Dunaujvaros, and Ozd) and for new police and army.
That time people were afraid because of their enemy could denounced them to the police and could have them put into prison for years.
In 1953, after the death of Stalin, the political strictness was eased and in secret new ideas was born in brains. The Hungarian soccer 'Gold Team' (Puskas, Grosits, Hidegkuti etc) won silver medal in world championship.
In February 1956 the 20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party condemned the personally cult and dictatorship of Stalin. Some month later East European Communist leaders followed the Soviet example. The Hungarian leader Matyas Rakosi was relived of his position and moved into Moscow in July.
On the 6th of October Laszlo Rajk and his associates, who were executed by show trial in 1949, were rehabilitated and reburied.
In the mid of October the new Polish reform leader Wladyslaw Gomulka came into political conflict with Soviet Union.
On the 22nd of October Students of Technology University of Budapest organised a sympathy demonstration for the next afternoon.
On the 23rd of October the demonstration was more times prohibited and permitted. The student demonstration was widening into the population of Budapest. The sympathy slogans were changed into slogan of Hungarian sovereignty and the famous 'Ruszkik haza' (Russians go home). People walked to the Bem Statue (Jozef Bem was a Polish general in the 1848 Independence War) and later to the Parliament where the new Prime Minister spoke to the people.
At that time the Great Stalin statue was demolished and gun fight began around the building of Hungarian Broadcast. The only studio of Hungarian Broadcast, which was able to broadcast, because of the attack, worked in the Building of Parliament for weeks.
In the night of the 23rd of October the Communist Party on the base of Warsaw Treatment asked a military help from the Soviet Union. Soviet troops arrived to Budapest after midnight.
On the 24th of October Imre Nagy, the Prime Minister, established its government and announced a summary jurisdiction for the territory of Hungary. In large towns workers had strikes and established revolutionary committees. Soviet soldiers, who arrived to Budapest, do not fired to the crowds, many of them went over to the Hungarians side and they enjoyed the liberty together.
On the 25th of October more people were killed by attack from ambush in front of the building of Parliament. The crowd was saved by some Soviet tank. We have not correct information who had fired there. In the next days more towns were the scenes of similar volleys where hundreds of people were killed. Street fights were followed in Budapest and large towns.
On the 29th of October Soviet army was withdrawn from Budapest.
On the 30th of October the headquarter of Communist Party was attacked.
On the 31st of October the traditional Opposition Parties were reorganised.
On the 1st of November Imre Nagy, the Prime Minister, announced that Hungary had resigned from the Warsaw Treatment and asked the United Nations examine the Hungarian facts. (The United Nation does not take a position in this case because of the serious Suez conflict.)
On the 3rd of November discussions were in the Parliament on the withdrawn of Soviet Army. In that evening the discussion followed in the Soviet barrack in Tokol, where the Hungarian delegation was arrested.
On the 4th of November the Soviet army attacked Budapest and large towns. The Prime Minister asked help in Yugoslavian Embassy. The Soviet friend government were established in Szolnok and begun to put down the revolution.
From the 4th to 11th of November Street fighting were in Budapest and largest towns. Most known places are Corvin koz, Szena ter. According to eyewitnesses Soviet soldiers were known that they are in Egypt. They said in the bank of Danube that it was the Canal of Suez.
The leader of the revolution and participants were executed or sent to prison for decades (In the 1960s some people were set free without any existence). Lot of participants and their family moved abroad. The Olympic Games were hold in Melbourne, Australia. Hungarian athletes won 10 gold medal, and most of them do not came back to Hungary.
Jozsef Mindszenty archbishop asked help from the USA. He lived in the building of the Embassy of the USA up to the 1970s.
The leaders and participants were rehabilitated and reburied in 1989. This was one of the first steps of the change in politics.
http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/...f_europe/79854
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