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- first global empire in history
- first marines (naval infantry) in 1537
- first in Circumnavigation the entire planet Earth (1519-1522)
- the Spanish Navy built and operated the first military submarine (Peral Submarine 1888)
- first defeat of Napoleon in battlefield (battle of Bailen 1808)
- discoverers of America (1492)
- first Horatio Nelson defeat (Tenerife 1797)
- "Destructor" was the first warship classified as a "destroyer" at the time of her commissioning in 1887
- The Spanish Navy achieved the first global circumnavigation by an ironclad vessel (Spanish ironclad Numancia 1865-1867)
- responsible for the greatest humiliation in the history of England (battle of Cartagena de Indias 1741)
- captured a two convoy of 52 British ships (9 August 1780) the greatest disaster in a convoy in the English history
- Sack of Rome (1527)
- captured the pope Clement VII (1527)
- captured the Francis I King of France in the battle of Pavia in 1525
- The Tercios at the gates of Paris (1636)
- first modern amphibious landing (Battle Alhucemas 1925)
- On 17 December 1913, during the war with Morocco, a Spanish expeditionary squadron of the Aeronáutica Española became the first organized military air unit to see combat during the first systematic bombing in history by dropping aerial bombs from a Lohner Flecha airplane.
- slowed the spread of Islam in Europe (battle of Navas de Tolosa 1212, Siege of Malta 1565, Battle of Lepanto 1571, Siege of Vienna)
- in 1380 a Spanish fleet (Kingdom of Castile) entered the Thames and threatened London after looting southern England
- Cagayan battles (1582) the only battle between European regular soldiers against samurai warriors (40 spanish vs 1.000 japanese - Spanish victory)
- The King's Own Immemorial 1st Infantry Regiment is the oldest continuously operating military unit in the world
- First Trade Route Between Europe and America (Spanish treasure fleet)
- First Trade Route Between America and Asia (Manila galleon)
- The Spanish dollar (Real de a 8) was the first international/world currency. The Spanish dollar was the coin upon which the original United States dollar was based, and it remained legal tender in the United States until 1857.
- The Balmis Expedition (1803–1806) be considered the first international health-care expedition in history
- The Cortes of León from year 1188, According to UNESCO it was the first sample of modern parliamentarism in the history of Western Europe.
"Tan segura es la ambición de los españoles de dominar el mundo como que solo su escaso número se lo impide" Cardenal Richelieu
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