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Mine is in the top 20.
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So you believe that when we became indepenent we started copying surnames of rival kingdoms?
No, christians already had those surnames. I think the spelling was changed later.
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADmara_Peres
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimara_P%C3%A9rez
The main differences are linguistic ones either way. For example Ferreira and Herrera are the same surname.
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It is exactly what I think, because rivalry has nothing to do here. I am speculating, because I have no idea and honestly I dont care, but my idea is that when Portuguese developed their own language they Portuguesized* their surnames, changing the -z for the -s, because the fuckin surnames are clear to have the same root.
Domínguez, Domingues.
Ibáñez, Ibañes.
López, Lopes.
Etc.
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It seems that the naming conventions were the same as those found in the Kingdom Leon, of which Portugal had been a part of until the XII century. However, it is false to assume that all people of the same surname descend from the same individuals.
After going through the archives when I researched my own family tree, one of the first things that becomes evident is that until the XIX century, the concept of a surname was something rarely used by the peasantry in Portugal. Surnames seemed to exist simply to distiguish people of the same name from one and other, with nicknames being more common. On their marriage and death records, individuals often had different surnames from their parents and grandparents. Sometimes an individual could be married with one surname and be buried under another.
In Portugal, surnames were chosen by priests somewhat arbitrarily, often the came from the Christian name of the father, mother or sometimes even grandparents. Unless one was a member of the upper class, particularly the nobility, a child was only baptised with a Christian name. These were often limited to João, José, António, or Joaquim for males and Maria for women. To distinguish individuals of the same name from one another, the priests began arbitrarily selecting surnames. Sometimes these were based on profession or physical attribute, or where they lived within a village. Daughters many times were simply given religious names, especially when named Maria, as it was such a common name. A woman might be called Maria "da Graça" or "do Rosário" even though neither one of her parents had that name, however if her mother was named Branca sometimes you would see her appear as Maria da Branca. This was especially true as priests changed.
Until the late XIX century, girls in Portugal rarely inherited the father's surname, though sometimes they would adopt a surname that was their father's profession or first name in rural areas this practice lasted into the XX century. There really were no set rules in Portugal, at least until 1911 when the civil registry was introduced. Then and only then did taking a father's surname become the norm. Also, until the XIX century in Portugal there were often male and female versions of last names. For in my family tree, I have ancestors where the male surname is Martins and his daughters became Martinha. In Slavic countries this practice persists, though in Portugal slowly disappeared by the XX century.
Patronymic Names seemed to be most common in Portugal at least until the XIX century. For instance a Duarte da Silva would have a son named Antonio, his death record might refer to him simply as António Duarte. Below are few examples of patronymic surnames. Many of these were names that have falled out of use, though were more common in the XVI and XVII century.
Afonso = son of Afonso
Alves = son of Álvaro
Domingos = son of Domingo
Duarte = son of Duarte
Gonçalves = son of Gonçalo
Fernandes = son of Fernando
Henriques = son of Henrique
Lopes = son of Lopo
Lourenço = son of Lourenço
Martins = son of Martinho
Mendes = son of Mendes
Nunes = son of Nuno
Rodrigues = son of Rodrigo
Religious Names - These were often given to girls, and sometimes were passed between mother and daugther, but until the XIX century they were often not. A daughter of a José Fernandes and a Antónia da Silva could be given the name Maria dos Santos on some records, whereas in others she is referred to as Maria Antónia.
Another example of these religious names was when they were to orphans. Portugal, particularly the cities had an abundance of orphans whom were dispersed to the countryside. It is also said that some conversos were granted these names when they were baptised. Below are some examples:
Assunção (Assumption)
Baptista (Baptism)
Conceição (Conception)
Graça (Grace)
Jesus
Nazaré (Nazareth)
Santos (Saints)
Toponymic or Geographic surnames are also very common in Portugal. Silva seems particularly common after the Black Plague in the XIV. My hypothesis is that as much of Portugal became covered in forest, living in forested areas was more common. Someone moving to a new village (usually single men) looking for work or a wife would often be simply called ____ da Silva, same with someone from a coastal area (da Costa). When someone moved to a new village his surname would often be after where he originally hailed from. Some like Braga, Lima (Ponte de Lima), or Guimarães were surnames after larger cities, but my own surname came from a tiny section of a village to distinguish my 3rd great-grandfather from his two cousins all of whom were bore the much more common surname of Duarte.
Surnames related to professions, particularly Ferreira is very common in Portugal. In the XIX century, I found an instance of the two surnames below becoming the surnames adopted or attributed to the sons of a blacksmith and bricklayer in the XIX century, despite the fathers originally having possessed their own surnames.
Ferreiro/Ferreira = blacksmith
Pedreiro = bricklayer
Surnames pertaining to physical attributes
Louro/Loura (Blonde)
Ruivo/Ruiva (Red head)
Surnames related to flora
Oliveira = olive tree
Pereira = pear tree
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Yes, it is so in Spain too, and it is pretty normal that in Portugal, that developed at the same time than Spain, happens the same.
But I think that has nothing to do with what we are discussing about specific surnames which are identical except for the final word. It is very well checked García is a Basque surname, which exists in Portugal. Portugal started to be reconquered later than Spain (and ended before). As it was being reconquered by Leonese and Galicians their customs were implanted. IMHO opinion this is why certain surnames come from the same, just were later Portuguesized.
And this did not happen only in Portugal but in the rest of Spain. 100% of our surnames come from the north of Spain.
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I thought Pacheco (92th) was an Spanish surname
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Only one of my grandparent's surnames is missing, precisely my last one.
Out of the 4, 2 are in the top 20 and 1 barely made it in.
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