N1 and Uralic languages

**Shubotai** · 11-20-2020, 09:30 PM

N1-L735 is a haplogroup common in Siberia, north-east Europe, north-east Asia, south China, central Asia and Anatolia and it is particularly common among speakers of Uralic languages.

The main subclade N1a1-M46/TAT is common in the Finnic group of Uralic languages. It is frequent in Finnic and Baltic peoples, Saami, Komi, Permians, Mari, Mordvins and various north-east Asian ethnic groups like Shors and Yakuts.
Specifically N1a1-M46 also reaches 27% in some Russian samples in ethnic groups of non-Uralic origin. During the middle ages, the advance of slavic tribes and turkic tribes to the north led to the assimilation of a part of the Finnic tribes in the Russian plains.
N1a2-L666 is more common in the Ugric and Samoyedic branches, particularly the subclade N1a2b-P43. The Ugric branch includes Khanti, Mansi and Hungarians. This subclade has also spread with Turkic peoples.
The subclade N1a2a-M128 is common in Central Asians like Kazakhs and East Asians like Koreans. Since phylogenetically it is locked within other subclades common in speakers of Uralic languages, it should also be connected to a branch of Uralic now extinct, that would be more closely related to Ugric and Samoyedic branches.

The traditional classification of Uralic languages separates the Finnic-Ugric branch from the Samoyedic branch, but according to the phylogeny of the N1 tree, Uralic languages should be classified according to the classification scheme favouring the Finnic-Permic branch being separate from the Ugric-Samoyedic branch with N1a1 being more common in the first and N1a2 more common in the second.

N1b-F2930 is a subclade present in Chinese and common in South China minorities, especially Lhoba, Altaic peoples and Turkish, so it seems to be both East Asian in this respect and also to have followed the same migration patterns with other Turkic peoples belonging to haplogroup N1. It is possible that it was also connected to a more distant branch of Uralic languages.

N1 is a haplogroup common among Eastern European ethnic groups with an Asian origin, including Finns, Estonians, Hungarians and Turkish.
All four subclades N1a1-M46, N1a2a-M128, N1a2b-P43 and N1b-F2930 are present in equal proportions among various Turkic ethnic groups, including Turkish, although the percentage might differ from tribe to tribe. So there is a substantial Uralic ancestry among various Turkic ethnic groups.

N1 Tree
N1-L735 Uralic languages
N1a1-M46/TAT Finnic-Permic branch of Uralic languages
N1a2a-M128 extinct branch of Uralic languages
N1a2b-P43 Ugric and Samoyedic branches of Uralic languages
N1b-F2930 extinct distant branch of Uralic languages

In general, haplogroup N1 seems to have a uniform Asian distribution above the southern line of the Eurasian tectonic plate with a cline from northern to southern areas and eastern to western areas. It seems to have played a major role in the expansion of Uralic speaking peoples but also Turkic speaking peoples. The origin of the haplogroup seems to be somewhere along the Yunnan-Altaic corridor, although the urheimat of the Uralic languages is usually located to be more western. An intermediate part of its expansion in north-east Asian regions would include Manchuria.

1. A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe

2. The dichotomy structure of Y chromosome Haplogroup N

3. Genetic Evidence of an East Asian Origin and Paleolithic Northward Migration of Y-chromosome Haplogroup N

4. Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup N: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families

5. The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes

6. Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations

7. Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations

8. Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers