Finnish Iron Age

[Lemminkäinen]

99% of the Finnish Iron Age archaeological finds are western. Weapons Germanic and jewellery Baltic. I'll add publications and research here.

[Komintasavalta]

Yeah but please don't cherrypick your archeological ages. Coastal regions of Finland were influenced by the Scandinavian Bronze Age culture, but in inland Finland, the Bronze Age was initiated by the Seima-Turbino phenomenon. The bronze used in Seima-Turbino objects was derived from the Sayano-Altai mountains (https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files...PDF_HI0001.pdf):

Comparative analysis of metal objects in various archaeological sites allowed attributing considerable part of complexes of Middle and Lower Volga region, Southern Urals and Trans-Urals to the "Seima chronological horizon" including Srubnaya and Abashevo Cultures (Chernykh 1970, Figure 67). The major concentration of the ST type objects has been found in the Volga-Ural region. The Abashevo sites either preceded or coexisted with the "Seima chronological horizon" (third quarter of the 2nd mil. BC, ibid, p. 103). However, the thin-wall-casting technology of the ST type bronze objects makes their principle difference from rather rough Abashevo (or "common Eurasian" by Chernykh 1970) casting and the later forging technology, which does not allow considering South Urals and Cis-Urals as the area of production of these items. The spectrum analysis of the ST bronze objects suggests Sayano-Altai Mountains as a region of provenance of raw materials (tin bronze) used. Therefore, until recently, it has been assumed that western foothills of Sayano-Altai Mountains were the place of origin of the ST transcultural phenomenon (Chernykh 1970). However, the increasing number of ST finds in Western Siberia and Central Asia allows expanding the presumable place of the initial impulse onto eastern and south-eastern foothills of Altai (Chernykh 2015).

Seima-Turbino objects have been found even in Northern Ostrobothnia:

[Lemminkäinen]

Yeah but please don't cherrypick your archeological ages. Coastal regions of Finland were influenced by the Scandinavian Bronze Age culture, but in inland Finland, the Bronze Age was initiated by the Seima-Turbino phenomenon. The bronze used in Seima-Turbino objects was derived from the Sayano-Altai mountains (https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files...PDF_HI0001.pdf):

Comparative analysis of metal objects in various archaeological sites allowed attributing considerable part of complexes of Middle and Lower Volga region, Southern Urals and Trans-Urals to the "Seima chronological horizon" including Srubnaya and Abashevo Cultures (Chernykh 1970, Figure 67). The major concentration of the ST type objects has been found in the Volga-Ural region. The Abashevo sites either preceded or coexisted with the "Seima chronological horizon" (third quarter of the 2nd mil. BC, ibid, p. 103). However, the thin-wall-casting technology of the ST type bronze objects makes their principle difference from rather rough Abashevo (or "common Eurasian" by Chernykh 1970) casting and the later forging technology, which does not allow considering South Urals and Cis-Urals as the area of production of these items. The spectrum analysis of the ST bronze objects suggests Sayano-Altai Mountains as a region of provenance of raw materials (tin bronze) used. Therefore, until recently, it has been assumed that western foothills of Sayano-Altai Mountains were the place of origin of the ST transcultural phenomenon (Chernykh 1970). However, the increasing number of ST finds in Western Siberia and Central Asia allows expanding the presumable place of the initial impulse onto eastern and south-eastern foothills of Altai (Chernykh 2015).

Seima-Turbino objects have been found even in Northern Ostrobothnia:

Whatwhatwhat? I wrote IRON AGE. A few eastern Bronze Age items are found in Finland. Mostly Bronze Age founds are of Wog origin items, from Romania/Bulgaria etc.

The Finnish Bronze Age is a fallacy. All in all only around 200 BA items have been found and these items don't figure any uniform culture. It is like a small piece collection found and brought by coincidental connection with foreign cultures. Basically people in Finlsnd lived still in the Stone Age.

I put you now to my ignore list.

[Lemminkäinen]

The first one, a study made by a notable German archaeologist Heiko Steuer.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiko_Steuer


Link to the study (not the whole study. It is certainly available from university libraries):

https://fdokument.com/document/steue...ngschwert.html

I hope that German speakers could correct my translations.

Page 209: Ring sword finds



Page 210: ring swords with unattached/separated rings. This is the most original type



Page 212: Rings found without sword

[Lemminkäinen]

I just started to search my archives and found something interesting ( I continue tomorrow). Here is pieces from Ananino, near Kama. These snakes and predatory fishes are absolutey similar with Merovingian German figures. Were people living in Kama Germanic? This is of course a side comment, but I have descriptions of hundreds interesting Iron Age Kama finds.

[Dick]

I find it interesting that R1 is low and N1c is highest in Finland

the most common haplogroups of the Finns are N1c (59%), I1a (28%), R1a (5%) and R1b (3.5%)

[Lemminkäinen]

I find it interesting that R1 is low and N1c is highest in Finland

the most common haplogroups of the Finns are N1c (59%), I1a (28%), R1a (5%) and R1b (3.5%)

The explanation for the low R1b is that Swedes never occupied Finland .

At least half of Finnish N1c can be explained by East Finnish expansion during the last 500 years, after the Iron Age.

But your post is off-topic and I hope that people could follow the topic descripted in tittle. If you have nothing to say about the topic don't write here.

[Lemminkäinen]

Here first east Finno-Ugric Iron age, for comparison to following west FU finds. These are Permic artifacts, but all eastern artifacts share common ideas. Quite realistic animal figures are what they left behind, i.e. eagle and bear figures. All this was uncommon in Finland, although a few bird figures have been found.

Edit. Sorry some pictures are upside-down. Check texts to adjust.

[Östsvensk]

Some lake names in Finland point to a Germanic presence there.

Nisajoki In Norway there is river Nisa
Virojoki In Sweden there is river Vira
Kutajoki From Guda; a Finn can't say "g" so he says "k" and for "d" he says "t"
Virma In Norway there is Verma
Vanda near Helsingfors, means water river
Aura & Eura from aur - meaning gravel
Rauma town by Räma river. Same river name in Norway and Iceland
Kumå by Björneborg; means river is navigable
Kyrå cow river
Kelviå In Sweden there is lake Kälven
Sikajoki In Norway there is river Sika

[Lemminkäinen]

Some lake names in Finland point to a Germanic presence there.

Nisajoki In Norway there is river Nisa
Virojoki In Sweden there is river Vira
Kutajoki From Guda; a Finn can't say "g" so he says "k" and for "d" he says "t"
Virma In Norway there is Verma
Vanda near Helsingfors, means water river
Aura & Eura from aur - meaning gravel
Rauma town by Räma river. Same river name in Norway and Iceland
Kumå by Björneborg; means river is navigable
Kyrå cow river
Kelviå In Sweden there is lake Kälven
Sikajoki In Norway there is river Sika

The known etymology of Rauma is an old German word "strauma" (today stream, ström) . "Viro" comes from the Estonian northeastern county. I don't know where did Estonians invent it. In many cases Germanic place names in Finland are older than the first Swedish crusade. Also "Eura" is older:

https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Eura

Finns can pronounce g, but in old Finnish it existed only in a double consonant "ng". D is common in inflected word forms, like sata (hundred) -> sadan, lato -> ladon etc.