Accordingly, all R1a-Y2619 individuals, whether self-affiliating as Jews or non-Jews, whether Ashkenazi or non-Ashkenazi, whether Levites or non-Levites, are the direct male descendants of the paternal line of one common male ancestor who lived ~1,743 ybp (Table 1). As contemporary males from all branches of R1a-Y2619 sampled so far carry one of the many Levites surnames, it can be strongly argued that this male ancestor self-affiliated as a Levite and may have carried the patronymic surname Levite.
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Two independent sample sets of Ashkenazi Jews in which the Levite status was unknown have similarly estimated the percentage of the R1a-Y2619 paternal haplogroup, R1a-M17/M198, in the Ashkenazi population at 9.6%20 and 11.5%, respectively27. The former paper reported that haplogroup R1a-M582 accounted for 7.9% of the total Ashkenazi population20. Here, we show that all Ashkenazi samples belonging to haplogroup R1a-M582 can be reclassified as R1a-Y2619. Based upon an Ashkenazi population size of ~4,000,00013 males, of whom about 7.9% are R1a-Y2619, there would be ~300,000 Ashkenazi males descending on their direct male line from a single relatively recent ancestor, with many of those men self-affiliating as Levite.
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