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Thread: Iranian ethnic groups: Study on mtdna

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    Default Iranian ethnic groups: Study on mtdna

    Not a new study but here are the conclusions summarized:

    Source:
    "The congruence between matrilineal genetic (mtDNA) and geographic diversity of Iranians and the territorial populations"

    Most frequent Haplogroups:
    "The haplogroup genotyping results showed that all Iranians possess the most common West Eurasian haplogroups, particularly the three most prominent mtDNA haplogroups, H, J and U; however, the frequency distribution of these lineages varies between them. Haplogroup H and J are the most frequent haplogroups and modal lineages in almost all Iranian populations except Iranian Baluch and Iranian Zoroastrian; these populations possess respectively M and R as their modal haplogroups. In contrast, all Eastern neighboring populations, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, possess the South Asian haplogroup, M, as the modal and frequent lineage. This lineage is also frequent in Iranian Baluch, Turkmen and Kerman samples which are consistent with their geographically close location to their Eastern neighbours."

    West-Eurasian Haplogroups:
    "Within West-Eurasian lineages, H and U macro-haplogroups turned out to be by far the predominant lineages: 16.8% and 23.4% for Iranians, 27.8% and 22.2% for Qashqai, 17.5% and 16.5% for Kerman, 22.8% and 20.1% for Azeris in H and U, respectively. A pattern consistent with that presented by previous studies (2, 11-14). In contrast to Europe and other Iranian studied ethnic groups (Qashqai, Kerman, Azeris) where H is predominant among the mtDNA haplogroups, in Iran, combined sample collection, the frequency of haplogroup U (23.4%) is higher than that of haplogroup H (16.8%). This difference accounts, at least partly for the presence in Iran of U sub-groups, such as U7 (7.3%), that are virtually absent in the Europe (13)."

    South-Asian Haplogroups:
    "The South Asian components in Kerman samples are observed higher than in other Iranians. It is in agreement with the geographical position of Kerman providence in the Southeast of Iran and neighboring borders of South Asian countries as Afghanistan and Pakistan.


    East-Eurasian Haplogroups:

    "In contrast, the East Eurasian components in Qashqai and Azeris have a considerable portion. Its presence in Iran is ascribable to recent gene flow and is completely accordance with history of entrance of the Turkic invaders (Seljuk Empire 1037 - 1194 AD) of central Asia to Iran particularly among these two big Turkic speaking ethnic groups"

    African-Haplogroups:

    " African component, regardless of the low portion, in Qashqai and Kerman samples are more than others. Due to the close geographical position of these two populations to the Persian Gulf in the South of Iran also Hormoz strain, as gateway of African countries to Iran, it seems gene flow of African components was done through this corridor."

    Middle-Eastern Haplogroups:
    "Middle Eastern and lower Arabian Peninsula-specific haplogroup T (6, 14) is frequent in Kerman (0.165) and Azeri populations that might interpreted as inheritance of the early groups of farmers involved in the eastwards expansion of agricultural techniques from the Fertile Crescent and Elam. This result, however, in agreement of the data published by Quintana-Murci et al, (4) and as a contradiction in results of small sample size collection of the North Iranian by Terreros et al in 2011(14)."


    Caucasus Haplgroup:

    "Haplogroup U3 is frequent in Qashqai (0.083) and Azeris. Indeed it seems this haplogroup expanded from the Svaneti region (Georgia, Caucasus) (6) across the Northwest of Iran. Due to the nomadic life of Qashqai in the Zagros Mountains, it seems this lineage distributed in parallel of Mountains from North to South of Iran and cannot consider boundary role of the Zagros Mountains for it. However, other main geographical barriers such as Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut have boundary roles in the gene flow for this lineage due to the complete absence of U3 in Kerman samples."



    Genetic relationships:


    - mtdna is mosty in accordance to geography. Only Balochs share similarity with Eastern Populations like Turkmens, Uzbeks etc.
    - Azeris and Qashqais are close to Turkey

    "The genetic distances test results show that based on the FST genetic distances the Iranian Azeris and Iranian Qashqai and Turkey are closer to each other and significantly differ from other ethnic groups of Iran and other studied populations based on the pairwise P value results"




    Conclusion:
    "Described the matrilineal genetic structure of Iranians demonstrate a close genetic structure of all Iranian populations (combined ethnic group samples of Iran and particular populations of Qashqai, Azeri and Kerman, which are studied here), thus suggesting their origin from a common maternal ancestral gene pool and show that the diverse maternal genetic structure does not reflect population differentiation in the region in their language.

    However, despite this similarity, among Iranians, the high frequency of South Asian components in Kermani samples is agrees with the geographical position of the Kerman province in the southeast of Iran and the neighboring borders of South Asian countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan. Also the considerable portion of East Eurasian components in the Qashqai and Azeri people is ascribable to the recent gene flow and is completely in accordance with the history of the entrance of the Turkic invaders (Seljuk Empire (1037 - 1194) AD) of central Asia into Iran particularly among these two big Turkic speaking ethnic groups. This study also has considered a particularly sharp geographical border role for two uninhabited Great Salt deserts in the middle of the Iranian plateau, which stretch from the Alborz Mountain range in the Northwest to the Southeast of the country in the distribution of the South Asian specific mtDNA component, haplogroup M, which cut distribution of this haplogroup to the east and to the Iranian plateau."

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    Quote Originally Posted by Kyp View Post
    African-Haplogroups:

    " African component, regardless of the low portion, in Qashqai and Kerman samples are more than others
    Karaboga confirmed?
    Quote Originally Posted by Dr_Maul View Post
    The Age of R1 is over... The time of the J2, has come (again)
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    I'd say Turanid/Alpine/Mediterranean mix.
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    Quote Originally Posted by Dr_Maul View Post
    Karaboga confirmed?
    The REAL Karaboga.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Dr_Maul View Post
    Karaboga confirmed?
    Maybe through their arab tribes? If not this then certainly their geographic location can be explained for small amounts of african haplogroups.
    Last edited by Kyp; 01-20-2021 at 01:42 PM.

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