Results 1 to 7 of 7

Thread: Sardinians have NA admixture

  1. #1
    Banned
    Join Date
    Aug 2020
    Last Online
    05-30-2022 @ 10:53 PM
    Ethnicity
    արաբ
    Country
    Morocco
    Region
    Brussels
    Gender
    Posts
    3,855
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 2,064
    Given: 3,120

    4 Not allowed!

    Default Sardinians have NA admixture

    Let's read :

    We estimate that modern Sardinians retained between 56.3±8.1% (when using Sardinia_Neolithic) and 62.2±6.6% (with Sardinia_BA) of their ancestry from local populations, along with a substantial proportion of North African Morocco_ LN-related ancestry that ranges between 22.7±9.9% (when using Sardinia_Neolithic) and 17.1±8.0% (when using Sardinia_BA). This North-African-related mixture is a plausible source for the sub-Saharan African admixture that has been detected in modern people from the island in multiple previous studies79–82. Even this range of estimates of ~56–62% is an upper bound, as we are forcing in pre-Iron-Age Sardinians as the only source of European farmer ancestry on the island in all of these models
    Finally, our co-analysis of modern and ancient Sardinians questions the common view that Sardinians are well described as isolated descendants of Europe’s first farmers78. Our ancient-DNA time transect does reveals that Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Sardinians had a typical early European farmer ancestry profile that persisted longer on the island than anywhere else in Europe studied to date and, in this sense, our study supports previous findings that Sardinia is special in Europe in retaining more of its first-farmer ancestry. However, immigrants from the eastern Mediterranean and North Africa made a substantial demographic impact in Sardinia from the Iron Age onwards, just as they did in other parts of the coastal western Mediterranean. Therefore, all five post-Bronze Age individuals from Sardinia in our time series (all from coastal sites) have no evidence of pre-Bronze-Age Sardinian ancestry, and they Clearly mixed with the previously established populations to contribute at least ~38–44% of the ancestry of modern Sardinians (with North-African-derived ancestry estimated at ~17–23%). Thus, rather than being fully sheltered from admixture and migration since the Neolithic, Sardinia—similar to almost all other regions in Europe— has been a major stage for movement and mixture of peoples.
    source : https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/sites/...erranean_0.pdf


    They used Morocco_LN as a proxy, therefore we have to roughly divide these results in two which would mean modern sardinians have between 6% to 16% (when using sardinia_N) and between 4.5% to 12.5% (when using sardinia_BA) north african ancestry.


    […]North-African admixture may have been unique to the later Punic context, or because they were individuals from a different ancestral background altogether. Estimated North-African admixture fractions were much lower in later ancient individuals and present-day Sardinian individuals, in line with previous studies that have observed small but significant African admixture in several present-day South European populations, including Sardinia
    All six individuals from the Punic Villamar site were inferred to have substantial levels of ancient North-African ancestry (point estimates ranging 20–35%, Supp. Fig. 14, also see ADMIXTURE and PCA results, Figs. 2 and 4). When fit with the same five-way admixture model, present-day Sardinians have a small but detectable level of North-African ancestry (Supp. Fig. 14, also see ADMIXTURE analysis, Fig. 4).
    source : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14523-6#Sec2



    Historically and culturally, we do have evidence of such contacts :


    The latter also suffered a disaster in Sardinia. The population of this large island was made up of natives, "an obstinate people", says Florus, "who paid little attention to death "(I, 22, 35) and to African immigrants more or less mixed. "

    The inhabitants of southern Sardinia call their northern fellow countrymen "cabillus", which seems a calque of the arabic "qabila/qabail" a term used by the arabs in the maghrib for the berbers.

    [...] two anthroponyms : the berber tribe Kusin (in arabic sources), the cusin of Latin classical sources located near Sorabile (the area of the actual village of fonni -Nuoro) and the surname Cusinu/Gusinu which can both be found in Central Sardinia and the other berber tribe Kazula which has sardinian correspondent in the surname of Casula/Catzula-Catzulo. Another mark of probably very similar way of life and beliefs between Sardinians and berbers is to be found in some rituals still present both in central Sardinia and among berbers in Carnival performances when groups of men cover their faces with animal masks and move in a dance similar- as one researcher has pointed out- to the rhythmic movement of the Salii in early Roman times. Relations and exchanges between Sardinia and North Africa, especially the area where berbers have lived up until the present, seem to be characterized by continuity since ancient times up to, at least, the Arab-islamic occupation of Northern Africa. [...] Greek and Latin sources give credit to the idea of armed groups and mercenaries of Lybian origin came to Sardinia with the Phoenicians, both from Iberia and North Africa and mixed with the Nuragic population, becoming in time elements of resistance to the Carthaginian conquest and to the roman occupation later on. The Greeks transmited a myth to us according to which Iolaos, son of Hercules, moved from Greece to Libya, where with his family and several warriors he entered and inhabited Sardinia. Diodorus Siculus narrates to the same myth adding that after the interruption of contacts with Motherland Greece the descendents of Iolaos became Barbars. A sign of the Lybian-Berber presence in Sardinia, as mentionned by latin and greek sources, is found in some of the names of the inhabitants of the Island such as Balari (lybian mercenaries who came from the Balearic islands) or Mauri, who came with the Vandals, after the occupation of the island in the 5th century establishing themselves in the mountains not so far from Karalis/Kalaris (Cagliari) the capital of the region : a trace of this event is the name of the inhabitants of the South-West Area of Sardinia still called Maurreddinos (little Mauris). Another clear mark of the presence of the armed berber groups in the island is represented by the word Zèrda which suvives in Central Sardinia up to today and which in my village Sarule (Nuoro) was up to the 1960s the denomination of the flank of a cart, made of wood sticks intertwined with willow-tree branches, verbascum and other shrubs. A proposed origin of the word is the Latin caetra, the shield of Lybian mercenaries made by leather, wood and iron, which became cèrda in the southern sardinian language and zèrda in the North, as Wagner wrote. The word Zerda is present also in Arabic and in Berber with the meaning of "fraternal agape" and under the root ZRD we find in Dozy's Supplément : armer avec de mailles, mailler, cuirasser, nouer, treilesser, the zèrda of Sardinian language evokes times when the mountains of Central Sardinia represented a shelter for rebellious groups in Carthaginian and roman times. In medieval islamic times as well we can still find a clear and enduring sign of the continuity of this interchange between Sardinia and Northern Africa which shared with Europe the same roman civilization. The Arab-islamic army in Ifriqiya led many north africans to leave their land and large groups of them found protection in Sardinia.
    https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1168...NFu2F0ELJ85aBk

    Analogies across the western Mediterranean between, for example, the Tombs of Giant of Sardinia, the navetas of Menorca and the covered alleys of the Kabyle type, cannot be the simple product of chance when one recognizes in some of these monuments, also well in Algeria (Aït Raouna) than in Sardinia (Li Loghi) or in Menorca (Es Tudons) an interior architecture on two levels in these constructions which are among the most spectacular of the elongated funerary monuments.
    https://journals.openedition.org/enc...ieberbere/1872


    Ancient writers always linked the mythological figures of Sardinia to North Africa which might be indicative of strong relations between this island and the shores of the maghreb :


    According to Pausanias (X, 17, 2): “The island took the name of Sardos. The Libyans did not drive out the natives, but they mingled with them, living like the latter scattered in huts and caves, for both were incapable of founding cities. "A coin found in Sardinia in the 1st century BC represents Sardos" Sard (us) Pater ", the head surmounted by a feather headdress. Much like the ancient Libyans, as they are depicted on the walls of Egyptian temples. The same author adds, concerning Corsica this time (X, 17, 8): “Corsica was populated by the Libyans, the name of Corsica was attributed to this country by the former Libyans. Silius Italicus, XII, 359-360 and Solin, IV, 1, attribute to Sardus, son of Hercules, who came from Libya, the name of the island of Sardinia. We found the ethnonym -Sardolibyans, as we said Libyphoenicians (fusion of the two ethnic groups, Libyan and Phoenician of Carthage) or Egyptolibyans (fusion of the Egyptians and Libyans) - in a fragment of Nicolas of Damascus (Fragm, hist. Graec. , III, p.463, n ° 137), which seems to indicate a Sardo-Berber ethnic connection. In physical terms, the Sardinian highlanders resembled the ancient Libyans, whose kind of life they had kept. The towers called nuraghi in Sardinia, like also the sesi of the island of Pantelleria and the talayots of the Balearic Islands, resemble the tubular tombs called chouchets in the Maghreb. Livy (V, 35) writes that the territories of Verona and Brescia were occupied by the paleo-Berbers, before the founding of Rome.



    Sardus / sardopater: son of Hercules, led a colony of Phoenicians or Libyans in Sardinia, and gave, it is said, his name to this island, whose inhabitants bestowed upon him divine honors.
    https://books.google.fr/books?id=cJp...raphie&f=false


    Solinus (4,1) writes :

    As for Sardinia, which Timaeus calls Sandaliotes, and Crispus Ichnuse, we know in which sea it is located, and by whom it was populated. So it does not matter to remember that Sardus, son of Hercules, and Norax, son of Mercury, the first to arrive from Libya, the second from Tartesse, city of Spain, came to these regions, and gave Sardus, his name to the country. same, Norax, his to the city of Nora; that after them Aristaeus reigned in Caralis, a city he had built, thus establishing an alliance between two peoples of different blood, and bringing back to the same customs nations divided until then, but that this change did not make rebellious in any way to his authority.

    In the eastern Maghreb, the testimonies of these post-Neolithic navigations are rarer, but it is quite possible that the origin of the haouanet (small hypogea) must be related to the existence, during the end of the Bronze Age. , maritime links between this region, Sardinia and Sicily (Camps 2000).


    https://journals.openedition.org/enc...ieberbere/2686

    Third, our study highlights widespread human mobility from North Africa to Europe during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. Specifically, we identified an outlier individual in Sardinia with a large proportion of North-African-derived ancestry who dates to 2345–2146 cal. bc and has an ancestry profile that is similar to an approximately contemporary central Iberian individual dated to 2473–2030 cal. bc25 (and a Bronze Age individual from Iberia dated to 1932–1697 cal. bc, who carried North-African-related ancestry in admixed form25). Together, 1.6% of the 191 individuals from Mediterranean Europe in our analysis dataset from between 5,000– 3,000 years ago have evidence of ancestry from North African migrants in the few generations before they lived
    https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/sites/...erranean_0.pdf




    These important Kabyle monuments are the most authentic representatives of European megalithism in Africa. By their imposing dimensions, even more than by their shape, they stand out from the small ones.
    dolmens so common in eastern Algeria and Tunisia. These are not African forms. The tombs which most resemble these monuments are the Tombs of the Giants of Sardinia; they are also the closest in space with the "sesi" of Pantelleria (13). We can consider that the covered walkways are older than the dolmens, although these are also burials introduced into Africa from the Mediterranean peninsulas.
    Sur trois types peu connus de Monuments funéraires nord-africains, Gabriel Camps, p. 104



    We still have, for Antiquity, a mass of onomastic materials delivered by Punic, Greek or Latin inscriptions and by ancient authors. Their exploitation is very delicate. We can conjecture that there is there, next to Libyan names, even older wrecks. Sometimes suggestive comparisons have been proposed with data from other Mediterranean countries and in particular from ancient Sardinia.
    Le berbère, Lionel Galand, P. 211

  2. #2
    Banned
    Join Date
    Jan 2012
    Last Online
    09-04-2023 @ 02:54 PM
    Location
    The Deep Spain
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Spanish paleto culture
    Ethnicity
    Spanish paleto culture
    Ancestry
    Castellanos
    Country
    Spain
    Region
    Castile and Leon
    Y-DNA
    Castellanos
    mtDNA
    Castellanos
    Taxonomy
    Spanish paleto culture
    Politics
    Preserving Spanish paleto culture
    Religion
    The only one true Christianism is the Spanish Inquisition
    Gender
    Posts
    49,212
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 25,689
    Given: 23,946

    0 Not allowed!

    Default

    Oh brownie, this complexes again no

  3. #3
    Banned
    Join Date
    Aug 2020
    Last Online
    05-30-2022 @ 10:53 PM
    Ethnicity
    արաբ
    Country
    Morocco
    Region
    Brussels
    Gender
    Posts
    3,855
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 2,064
    Given: 3,120

    1 Not allowed!

    Default

    Quote Originally Posted by Cristiano viejo View Post
    Oh brownie, this complexes again no
    People are not interested when I make threads about us so I make some who can attract more people. It has nothing to do with complexes, all of what I posted are not my opinions.


    I like breaking stereotypes/misconceptions too.

  4. #4
    Waiting for Dragon Age Dreadwolf & Berserk Radimir's Avatar
    Join Date
    Oct 2020
    Last Online
    Yesterday @ 10:50 PM
    Location
    Falconia
    Ethnicity
    God hand
    Country
    Vatican City
    Taxonomy
    Bishōnen
    Hero
    Jesus Christ, my mother and Griffith from Berserk
    Religion
    Christianity
    Gender
    Posts
    1,245
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 936
    Given: 3,019

    1 Not allowed!

    Default

    Makes sense.

  5. #5
    Banned
    Join Date
    Apr 2020
    Last Online
    01-12-2022 @ 11:01 PM
    Ethnicity
    Portuguese
    Ancestry
    Silves + Portimão + Ferragudo, Portugal
    Country
    United States
    Y-DNA
    R-Z225
    mtDNA
    H1c3
    Age
    20
    Gender
    Posts
    4,734
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 7,076
    Given: 6,670

    2 Not allowed!

    Default

    Not really surprising. There were North African invasions of Sardinia. In fact, there is a sample I get which matches 100% southern Morocco -- it's called ITA_Sardinia_C_o.

    I get that here:

    [1] "distance%=1.4173"

    Luso:
    NW_Iberia_IA,77
    Roman_Colonial,12
    ITA_Sardinia_C_o,7.6
    Berber_EMA,3.4


    Target: ITA_Sardinia_C_o
    Distance: 4.7891% / 0.04789073
    83.2 Saharawi
    9.6 Berber_MAR_TIZ
    7.2 Berber_Tunisia_Chen

  6. #6
    Banned
    Join Date
    Jan 2012
    Last Online
    09-04-2023 @ 02:54 PM
    Location
    The Deep Spain
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Spanish paleto culture
    Ethnicity
    Spanish paleto culture
    Ancestry
    Castellanos
    Country
    Spain
    Region
    Castile and Leon
    Y-DNA
    Castellanos
    mtDNA
    Castellanos
    Taxonomy
    Spanish paleto culture
    Politics
    Preserving Spanish paleto culture
    Religion
    The only one true Christianism is the Spanish Inquisition
    Gender
    Posts
    49,212
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 25,689
    Given: 23,946

    0 Not allowed!

    Default

    Quote Originally Posted by Luso View Post
    Not really surprising. There were North African invasions of Sardinia.
    So you are impliying all Central Europe have Asian admixture due the Mongol invasions
    Poor Austrians, they have Turkish admixture...

    Today I learned Japanese, Vietnamese and Irakis have American admixture.

  7. #7
    Banned
    Join Date
    Aug 2020
    Last Online
    05-30-2022 @ 10:53 PM
    Ethnicity
    արաբ
    Country
    Morocco
    Region
    Brussels
    Gender
    Posts
    3,855
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 2,064
    Given: 3,120

    2 Not allowed!

    Default

    Quote Originally Posted by Luso View Post
    Not really surprising. There were North African invasions of Sardinia. In fact, there is a sample I get which matches 100% southern Morocco -- it's called ITA_Sardinia_C_o.

    I get that here:

    [1] "distance%=1.4173"

    Luso:
    NW_Iberia_IA,77
    Roman_Colonial,12
    ITA_Sardinia_C_o,7.6
    Berber_EMA,3.4


    Target: ITA_Sardinia_C_o
    Distance: 4.7891% / 0.04789073
    83.2 Saharawi
    9.6 Berber_MAR_TIZ
    7.2 Berber_Tunisia_Chen

    Yes I was myself suprised to see that so early in time there were already north africans in Sardinia

Thread Information

Users Browsing this Thread

There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)

Similar Threads

  1. Replies: 23
    Last Post: 08-20-2020, 01:36 PM
  2. Replies: 3
    Last Post: 06-19-2020, 02:14 PM
  3. Proto Indo European admixture =? ANE admixture
    By cyberlorian in forum Genetics
    Replies: 12
    Last Post: 06-07-2018, 01:54 PM
  4. Replies: 14
    Last Post: 02-13-2018, 06:27 AM
  5. Sub-Saharan Dinka admixture in Sardinians and Basques
    By Grab the Gauge in forum Genetics
    Replies: 7
    Last Post: 04-24-2017, 10:12 AM

Bookmarks

Posting Permissions

  • You may not post new threads
  • You may not post replies
  • You may not post attachments
  • You may not edit your posts
  •