15
Hun elite:Code:Hungary Hun (Budapest, Vezér street skeleton/Zugló burial) ●Hungary Hun (TU46): 1670±22 14C years BP; 333-419 cal. AD (2-sigma) Zugló burial was accidentally found on 1st December 1961 during construction work in the 14th district of Budapest at the intersection of Egressy Road and Vezér-street. The excavation was carried out by archaeologist Tibor Nagy. The grave contained the skeleton of a male individual, estimated 20-25 years old, whose skull indicated a mixed ancestry presenting both Europoid and Mongoloid morphoscopic traits. An upside-down placed horse skull was found next to his legs along with gold foil covered horse trappings and a bronze and an iron bell with bell-clappers intentionally removed. The burial had several more artefacts, probably garment ornaments, with gold recesses inlaid with garnets. Only an iron knife was found as a weapon. It is possible that the rest of the weapons were buried nearby in a separate grave, which was previously observed in other Hun burials. The nature of the burial indicated that the skeleton could belong to a noble man from the Hun elite (67, 68).
- R1a1a1b (R-Z645)
- R1a1a1b2a (R-Z94)
Code:In other mounds of Karakaba I and Karakaba II, accompanying horse burials and sets of weapons were also found. In two mounds also fragments of musical instruments were found. These mounds of Karakaba I and Karakaba II belong to two successive chronological periods, the Hun-Sarmatian and the early medieval (early Turks) period. There is a connection and continuity (succession) between two periods in their ritual practices (for example, accompanying horse burials and the construction of mounds). Although, there are some differences in the construction of mounds and rituals. For example, horses were buried without any equipment and the horse equipment were deliberately placed at the feet of a buried person in a bottom pit. These differences reflecting not different ethnocultural traditions, but rather the specifics of social stratification and some new world outlooks of the population of the region under study in the early Middle Ages. Findings of musical instruments in three mounds testify features of spiritual development, in particular with regards to the role of shamanism in the life of the ancient Turkic nomadic society. Cases of trepanation may be associated with the cult of shamanism (96).Turkic Era Central Asia:Code:MayemerII ●Mayemer II mound 1 (MMR001.A) The Mayemer II burial ground is a funeral-memorial complex consisting of burials of different eras - from the era of the early nomads to the Turkic times. The monument is located on the southeastern outskirts of the modern village Mayemer, on the left bank of the Narym River, in the Katonkaragai district of East Kazakhstan region. Three mounds were investigated - 1, 2 and 3. Mounds 2 and 3 are attributed to the Early Saka period. Of these, mound 2 turned out to be a burial (funeral) structure, and mound 3 was a memorial. Mound 1 was plundered. The skeleton of the deceased (MMR001.A) was disturbed and the bones were scattered. There were no accompanying items found in the mound. The chronological define of the mound 1 was made on the basis of an analogy with the construction of the burial structure. In East Kazakhstan and adjacent territories, similar constructions are dated by the Turkic time (82, 83).
- J2a (J-L212; J-M410)
- R1a1a1b2 (R-Z93)
- J(J-CTS852,J-M304)
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/13/eabe4414
Bookmarks