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Thread: Uniqueness of the Basques

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    Default Uniqueness of the Basques

    Now, an international research team led by UPF has confirmed that the Basques' genetic uniqueness is the result of genetic continuity since the Iron Age, characterized by periods of isolation and scarce gene flow, and not its external origin in respect to other Iberian populations.

    The study, led by David Comas, principal investigator at UPF and at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE: CSIC-UPF), has involved the most comprehensive geographic sampling to date of the Basque population, with over 600,000 genetic markers throughout the genome for each individual.

    The result of the multidisciplinary study, which involved a team of linguists and geneticists, reveals in the journal Current Biology that the cultural barrier of the language promoted the isolation of the Basque population from subsequent population contacts, such as the influence of the Roman empire or the Islamic occupation of the peninsula, and even acted as an internal barrier in some cases due to the use of dialects.
    David Comas, full professor of Biological Anthropology at the UPF Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), details that "for example, we find no influences from North Africa which are appreciated in most populations of the Iberian Peninsula, and neither do we find traces of other migrations such as the Romans."
    https://phys.org/news/2021-03-unique...-revealed.html

    Uniqueness of the Basques is due to continuity from the Iron Age with lack of geneflow that the rest of Iberia have had.

    Here's the study.

    Highlights

    - Clear genetic singularity of Basques is observed at wide- and fine-scale levels

    - Basque differentiation might lie on the absence of gene flow after the Iron Ages

    - Genetic substructure correlated with geography and linguistics is detected


    https://www.cell.com/current-biology...822(21)00349-3

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    Figure 4. Modeling potential post-Iron Age gene flow in the Iberian Peninsula
    (A) Geographic distribution of the inferred proportions in the map. Shadings for proportions are scaled according to the maximum and minimum proportions of
    each source.
    (B) Representation of the ADMIXTURE proportions in each target population based on the statistically significant models obtained with qpAdm.
    See also Figure S4 and Table S2

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    Figure 5. Population stratification of the Franco-Cantabrian region
    (A) PCA using the samples from the Iberian Peninsula and France. The PCA average and standard deviation values of the different geographic groups were plotted.
    (B) ADMIXTURE results from K = 2 to K = 4. The lowest cross-validation error in the analysis was K = 2. The asterisks represent ‘‘Spanish_Pais_Vasco_IBS’’ and‘‘French_Bearn.’’ PB, Peri-Basque.
    See also Figures S5–S7.

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    Interesting study.

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    What does this mean that non-Basque Spaniards are half Iberian, half Sicilian?

    And you wonder why we Iberians plot in isolation from other Europeans, Grace.

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    I don't know what exactly is their "Roman related" ancestry, it doesn't look like it peaks in Italy, even the contrary, so that's a bit weird. Except that, nothing really new, we know that Basques are a small isolated population without the NA, and similar to a very late LN.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Grace O'Malley View Post
    https://phys.org/news/2021-03-unique...-revealed.html

    Uniqueness of the Basques is due to continuity from the Iron Age with lack of geneflow that the rest of Iberia have had.

    Here's the study.

    Highlights

    - Clear genetic singularity of Basques is observed at wide- and fine-scale levels

    - Basque differentiation might lie on the absence of gene flow after the Iron Ages

    - Genetic substructure correlated with geography and linguistics is detected


    https://www.cell.com/current-biology...822(21)00349-3
    Yes we already knew it, the uniqueness of (those) Basques who still remained "pures" (about 20-25% of all the Basques that lives in the Basque Country+Nabarre+French Basque regions).

    It consists of that, not having (apparently) extra contributions since the end of the Iron Age.

    But there is also genetic continuity of the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, basically because the rest of the inhabitants are also (or we are) from 70 to 100% composed of peninsular egnetics from the Iron Age, although each one from their respective area , and very similar in composition although not equal to the inhabitants of the Iron Age of the currently Basque area (yes, there are also non-Basques without contributions from after the Iron Age).

    And for those who are thinking in it,Levantine, NA and SSA was still present in varying percentages, in different areas of the peninsula in the Iron Age so I don´t know which samples from Iberian Iron Age do they used to compare with modern populations.

    I think I don´t forget any about this issue...

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    Ah yes, that paper has a has a veiled political bias, for example, Álava is just represented by 11 samples from Aramayona, a valley with 1500 inhabitants, and they forgot the 99% of Álava population that was not Basque-speaker since at least XVI century, and same for Nabarre, just represented by its Basque-speaker areas population that is about 8% of the total Nabarrese population.

    Álava is a mix between "pure" Basque areas and North Burgos, and Nabarre same, but "pure" Basque+North Aragón /Aragón depending areas.

    And I laugh a lot when they labelled "West" Biscay from Bilbao to Cantabria (Encartaciones, Carranza, etc...) in a different way than Basques samples.

    We have posted G25 individual samples and averages here and Anthrogenica, the last week, and made some models with them.

    Basque samples are ok, but we had already 2 averages for point that "pure" Basque component, so I found more interesting the "Bascoid" or "peri-Basques" samples from North Burgos, La Rioja, West-Biscay, Cantabria and South France.
    Last edited by gixajo; 04-07-2021 at 01:11 PM.

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    Here you have the averages of BAsques and Pero-Basques from that paper:

    Code:
    Basque_French_Labourd,0.1317244,0.1515907,0.0590707,0.0119804,0.0576889,0.0008114,-0.002927,0.0038809,0.0336348,0.0419807,-0.0052258,0.0109811,-0.022583,-0.0170903,0.0165701,0.0012776,-0.0082142,0.0007485,-0.0003657,-0.0076286,0.0084055,-0.0010342,-0.0088738,-0.0080625,0.0034401
    Basque_French_Lower_Navarre,0.1296547,0.1482672,0.0555396,0.0110407,0.0550309,0.0014452,-0.0011536,0.0010908,0.0303997,0.0442501,-0.005034,0.0117168,-0.0227585,-0.0160266,0.0172241,-9.65e-05,-0.0076688,0.0026374,-0.002434,-0.0018646,0.0064885,0.0024506,-0.0078541,-0.0095961,0.002863
    Basque_French_Soule,0.1317243,0.1548219,0.0546482,0.0068124,0.0585285,0.0009128,-0.0019014,0.0012166,0.0309945,0.0432396,-0.0059936,0.0119895,-0.0227449,-0.0167275,0.0124615,-0.0010968,-0.0097314,0.0009675,-4e-04,-0.0032402,0.0092336,0.0020908,-0.0076526,-0.0095193,0.0025909
    Basque_Spanish_Alava,0.1275854,0.1485442,0.0590365,0.0157976,0.0537723,0.0043864,-0.0024142,0.0040906,0.0254166,0.0380211,-0.0069532,0.0096325,-0.0220693,-0.0149507,0.0158915,-0.0007835,-0.007337,6.91e-05,0.0003998,-0.004036,0.0089726,0.0019447,-0.0048067,-0.006244,-0.0004463
    Basque_Spanish_Biscay,0.1301722,0.1502985,0.0571167,0.0107177,0.0564578,0.0059581,-0.0008973,0.0009441,0.0267555,0.0419806,-0.0075289,0.0147005,-0.0246371,-0.017428,0.0157435,0.0008197,-0.0047056,0.0027871,0.0003085,-0.0022169,0.0100503,0.001675,-0.0068122,-0.0088072,-0.0002177
    Basque_Spanish_Gipuzkoa_Central,0.1309999,0.1484519,0.0538941,0.0111875,0.055199,0.0012676,-0.003995,0.0005454,0.0297675,0.0415664,-0.0054623,0.0126024,-0.0206367,-0.0177406,0.0159533,0.0058461,-0.0030225,0.0014051,-0.0006855,-0.0051503,0.005615,-0.001259,-0.0104089,-0.0103627,0.0014043
    Basque_Spanish_Gipuzkoa_Southwest,0.131207,0.1493751,0.0579394,0.012274,0.05657,0.0019015,-0.0023714,0.0006712,0.0268855,0.0422788,-0.0058606,0.0100411,-0.0223531,-0.0195175,0.0152994,0.0049662,-0.0026907,0.0025337,-0.0018054,-0.001171,0.0102433,0.0023606,-0.010465,-0.0099685,0.0019158
    Basque_Spanish_Navarra_Central-West,0.1272748,0.1485443,0.0532426,0.0056085,0.0516178,0.0005325,-0.0035252,-0.0014895,0.0278152,0.0418315,-0.0034398,0.0098775,-0.0210964,-0.0188043,0.0148182,0.0009764,-0.0041725,0.0023035,-0.004948,-0.0005002,0.0070785,0.0003934,-0.0062744,-0.0079746,2.17e-05
    Basque_Spanish_Navarra_Northwest,0.1295514,0.1497444,0.0564655,0.0105415,0.0575771,0.0006085,-0.0006195,0.0020768,0.0302136,0.0448301,-0.0060674,0.0120848,-0.0243263,-0.0192421,0.0141517,0.0025795,-0.0034966,0.0037662,-0.002057,-0.00274,0.0100505,0.002192,-0.0093445,-0.0109215,0.0025474
    Basque_Spanish_Navarra_Roncal,0.1311035,0.1488211,0.0549566,0.0122153,0.0545555,0.0015973,-0.00141,0.0009441,0.0336347,0.0403903,-0.006835,0.0101227,-0.0204747,-0.0169525,0.0158052,0.0007955,-0.003864,0.0037202,0.0002169,-0.0012505,0.0084623,0.0013375,-0.0054899,-0.0087085,0.0014369
    French_Hautes-Pyrenees_Bigorre,0.1280511,0.1473535,0.052269,0.0053295,0.0522249,-0.0008365,-0.0016685,0.0001617,0.0248088,0.0382695,-0.0030854,0.007883,-0.0214815,-0.0141476,0.0087403,0.0001856,-0.0035596,0.0023691,-0.0008926,-0.0029139,0.0025082,-0.0008902,-0.0032908,-0.0059043,0.0010298
    French_Landes_Chalosse,0.1287339,0.1477596,0.0518917,0.0111758,0.0513326,0.0027611,0.00047,0.0017769,0.0252587,0.0396544,-0.0026958,0.008947,-0.0203367,-0.0150834,0.0110884,0.0028241,-0.0054241,0.0016723,-0.0007794,-0.0022384,0.0082731,0.002844,-0.0076906,-0.0076635,-0.0020956
    French_Pyrenees-Atlantiques_Bearn,0.1267991,0.1448145,0.0535889,0.0060078,0.0539486,0.0021754,-0.001692,-0.0020537,0.024461,0.0398913,-0.0088665,0.0102359,-0.0189989,-0.0143265,0.0141693,0.001578,-0.0057238,-0.0008996,-0.0017346,-0.0033017,0.0054653,0.0031407,-0.0066429,-0.0081696,0.0006825
    Spanish_Aragon_North,0.1273681,0.1477595,0.0490634,0.0057171,0.0498553,0.0010876,-0.000141,-0.0005538,0.0255859,0.0364654,-0.004417,0.0096965,-0.0186272,-0.0150697,0.0143594,0.004296,-0.003038,0.0026858,-0.0031172,-0.0011756,0.004517,0.0005194,-0.0056325,-0.0052896,0.0009341
    Spanish_Biscay_West,0.1203111,0.1493845,0.0496292,0.0097546,0.049086,0.0011714,-0.001927,0.0035996,0.0265268,0.0348616,-0.0055049,0.0108953,-0.0192517,-0.0162946,0.010464,0.0013788,-0.0057631,0.001837,-0.002313,-0.0017634,0.0071,-0.0004698,-0.0056324,-0.004133,0.0019878
    Spanish_Cantabria,0.1151889,0.145627,0.0434443,-0.0006783,0.0469933,-0.0032352,-0.000282,0.0023538,0.0254837,0.0319278,-0.0050178,0.0083326,-0.0150593,-0.0134595,0.0104641,0.0009016,-0.001747,-0.0021917,-0.0029664,-0.0026262,0.0035062,-0.0024732,-0.0041165,-0.0047958,-0.000982
    Spanish_Castilla_y_Leon_Burgos_North,0.1236117,0.1476578,0.0497421,0.0020672,0.0495476,-0.0034583,-0.000611,0.000877,0.0240111,0.0378322,-0.0068692,0.0086174,-0.0189989,-0.0126612,0.0114276,0.0019225,-0.0059585,-0.0001141,-0.0034943,-0.0038143,0.0077986,0.0006554,-0.0041904,-0.0021207,-0.0007785
    Spanish_La_Rioja,0.121563,0.149689,0.0449904,0.0016796,0.0474856,-0.0027888,-0.002256,0.001823,0.0247064,0.0370667,-0.001234,0.0084523,-0.0194001,-0.0137622,0.0100977,0.000623,-0.0019949,0.0008615,-0.0038338,-0.0004753,0.0052783,-0.0009521,-0.0063472,-0.0061093,0.0006346

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    And more averages and proxies made with those references:

    Code:
    Basque_Spanish:Álava+Vizcaya+Guipúzcoa,0.129991,0.149167,0.056997,0.012494,0.055500,0.003378,-0.002419,0.001563,0.027206,0.040962,-0.006451,0.011744,-0.022424,-0.017409,0.015722,0.002712,-0.004439,0.001699,-0.000446,-0.003144,0.008720,0.001180,-0.008123,-0.008846,0.000664
    Basque_Spanish:NWNavarra+CentralNavarra+Roncal,0.129310,0.149037,0.054888,0.009455,0.054583,0.000913,-0.001852,0.000510,0.030555,0.042351,-0.005447,0.010695,-0.021966,-0.018333,0.014925,0.001450,-0.003844,0.003263,-0.002263,-0.001497,0.008530,0.001308,-0.007036,-0.009202,0.001335
    French_SouthWest:Bigorre+Lands-Chalosse+Bearn,0.127861,0.146643,0.052583,0.007504,0.052502,0.001367,-0.000964,-0.000038,0.024843,0.039272,-0.004883,0.009022,-0.020272,-0.014519,0.011333,0.001529,-0.004903,0.001047,-0.001136,-0.002818,0.005416,0.001698,-0.005875,-0.007246,-0.000128
    Spanish_Basque:PaísVasco&Navarra,0.129699,0.149111,0.056093,0.011192,0.055107,0.002322,-0.002176,0.001112,0.028641,0.041557,-0.006021,0.011295,-0.022228,-0.017805,0.015380,0.002171,-0.004184,0.002369,-0.001224,-0.002438,0.008639,0.001235,-0.007657,-0.008998,0.000952
    French_Basque:Labourd+Soule+Basse-Navarre,0.131034,0.151560,0.056420,0.009945,0.057083,0.001056,-0.001994,0.002063,0.031676,0.043157,-0.005418,0.011562,-0.022695,-0.016615,0.015419,0.000028,-0.008538,0.001451,-0.001067,-0.004244,0.008043,0.001169,-0.008127,-0.009059,0.002965
    Vizcaya,0.12524,0.14984,0.05337,0.01024,0.05277,0.00356,-0.00141,0.00227,0.02664,0.03842,-0.00652,0.01280,-0.02194,-0.01686,0.01310,0.00110,-0.00523,0.00231,-0.00100,-0.00199,0.00858,0.00060,-0.00622,-0.00647,0.00089
    Álava,0.125599,0.148101,0.054389,0.008932,0.051660,0.000464,-0.001513,0.002484,0.024714,0.037927,-0.006911,0.009125,-0.020534,-0.013806,0.013660,0.000570,-0.006648,-0.000023,-0.001547,-0.003925,0.008386,0.001300,-0.004499,-0.004182,-0.000612
    Guipúzcoa,0.131103,0.148914,0.055917,0.011731,0.055885,0.001585,-0.003183,0.000608,0.028327,0.041923,-0.005661,0.011322,-0.021495,-0.018629,0.015626,0.005406,-0.002857,0.001969,-0.001245,-0.003161,0.007929,0.000551,-0.010437,-0.010166,0.001660
    Navarra,0.125397,0.147678,0.049400,0.004806,0.051055,0.000264,-0.001735,-0.000502,0.027031,0.039170,-0.004948,0.010627,-0.018619,-0.016807,0.014979,0.002858,-0.005206,0.002349,-0.002617,-0.001738,0.005902,0.001461,-0.006537,-0.004817,0.002340

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