New genetic study on latin america [ 2021]

[Gauthier]

The article is locked, hence access to the entire article is limited.

This is what I found;

Genetic diversity, structure, and admixture in Mayans from Guatemala and Mexico based on 15 short tandem repeats

José Alonso Aguilar-Velázquez, Mishel Marie Stephenson-Ojea, Marco David García-King, Héctor Rangel-Villalobos

First published: 01 February 2021

Objective
To analyze the genetic origin, relationships, structure, and admixture in Mayan Native American groups from Guatemala and Mexico based on 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) loci commonly used in human identification (HID).

Methods
We genotyped 513 unrelated Mayan samples from Guatemala based on 15 STR loci (AmpFlSTR® Identifiler kit). Moreover, we included 4408 genotypes previously reported, as following: Mayas from Guatemala and Mexico (n = 1666) and from Latin American, European, and African (n = 2742) populations. Forensic parameters, genetic distances, admixture, and population structure were assessed.

Results
Forensic parameters of the 15 STRs in different Mayan groups from Guatemala were reported. Low (Fst = 0.78%; p = 0.000) and non-significant differentiation (Fst = 1.8%; p = 0.108) were observed in Mayas from Guatemala and Mexico, respectively. The relative homogeneity observed among Mayan groups supported theories of extensive pre-Columbian gene flow and trade throughout the Mayan Empire. The distribution of the three Native American ancestries among these Mayan groups did not support the presumable Guatemalan origin of Tojolabal and Lacandon people (South, Mexico). The nonsignificant differentiation between Ladinos and Mayas suggests a relative panmixia in Guatemala. Mestizos from southeastern Mexico and Guatemala constitute a core of Native American ancestry in Latin America related to the Mayan Empire in Central America.

Conclusions
The higher European admixture and homogeneity in Mexican Mayas of the Yucatan Peninsula suggest more intensive post-Columbian gene flow in this region than in Guatemalan Mayas.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.24203

[Gauthier]

Couple things that caught my attention.

1- Venezuela's high european admixture.
2- Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela scoring a similar amount of negroid admixture, but surpassed decisively by Brazil in this regard.
3 - What is a Ladino?

[butterburger]

What percentage Jewish admixture does the typical Mexican have?

[Gauthier]

What percentage Jewish admixture does the typical Mexican have?

A negligible amount.

SOURCEFIND finds that Sephardic/East/South Mediterranean ancestry is detectable
in all the countries sampled: Brazil (1%), Chile (4%), Colombia (3%), Mexico (3%) and Peru
(2%). Altogether, ~23% of the CANDELA individuals show >5% of such ancestry (Fig. 1D)
and in these individuals SOURCEFIND infers this ancestry to be mostly Sephardic (7.3%),
with smaller non-Sephardic East Mediterranean (3.9%) and non-Sephardic South
Mediterranean (1%) contributions. Individuals with Sephardic/East/South Mediterranean
ancestry were detected across Latin America (Fig. 2C). GLOBETROTTER estimates for the
time since Sephardic/East/South Mediterranean admixture were not significantly different
from those involving Iberian sources (Fig. 3C; Wilcoxon rank-sum test one-sided pvalue>0.1). It is possible that outliers with particularly high values of Sephardic/East/South
Mediterranean ancestry are descendants from recent non-European immigrants. For 19 of 42
individuals with >25% Sephardic/East/South Mediterranean ancestry genealogical
information (up to grandparents) identified recent ancestry in the Eastern Mediterranean.
However, no recent immigration was documented for Colombians with >5% Sephardic
ancestry, despite these individuals showing the highest estimated Sephardic ancestry across countries (10% on average, Fig. 1D). Jewish communities existed in Iberia (Sepharad) since
roman times and much of the peninsula was ruled by Arabs and Berbers for most of the
Middle Ages, by the end of which large Sephardic communities had developed14. Genetic
studies have detected North and East Mediterranean ancestry in the current Spanish
population, as well European admixture in the Sephardim15-17. The estimates of North and
East Mediterranean (including Sephardic) ancestry in Latin Americans obtained here
represent values over and above those present in our sampled present-day Spanish individuals,
suggesting migration of individuals with higher levels of such ancestry to Latin America.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...155v1.full.pdf

[Rafael Passoni]

Ladino is a Jew I think. It seens Brazil is a Mulatto country according to this study.

[Amador]

So Hondurans are balanced mestizos to harnizos on average

[Amador]

Couple things that caught my attention.

1- Venezuela's high european admixture.
2- Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela scoring a similar amount of negroid admixture, but surpassed decisively by Brazil in this regard.
3 - What is a Ladino?

Ladino = Guatemalan mestizo

[Kriptc06]

Ladino is a Jew I think. It seens Brazil is a Mulatto country according to this study.

Ladino was the language Sephardi jews spoke, it's a medieval spanish with a few hebrew words, it's very similar to spanish itself, but in this case I think I doesn't have to do with that, since in that chart they have heavy amerindian admix. Ladino language and sephardic people exist in small groups in Turkey and Israel.

[Cristiano viejo]

A negligible amount.

RMuller and Zuh

[RMuller]

A negligible amount.

You are using Candela which mostly tested people from Mexico City. On the Candela results the average Mexican was only 33% Euro-63% amerindian.
Mexico City recieved less Jewish dna than Northern and west central Mexico.