It is an artificial construct, PCAs and their clusters have already shown their flaws and we talk in terms of continuums not really strictly defined clusters. Ancient greeks (at least the datas we have for the moment) were even more southern shifted than modern day aegean greeks which clearly mean slavic migrations did impact mainland Greece. Romans certainly never felt any sense of "european" pride. Christianity is a pure "semitic" product born in Palestine and Catholicism itself was born in North-West Africa.
- Not a single colonial movements can really be compared to the european one which affected the whole planet and in general to the detriment of local populations and yes it had all to do with races since one of their justification was that superior races needed to brought civilization to the inferior ones. We see a whole continent being whiped out of 90% of its population, cultures destroyed, imposed christianity, segregation/discrimination along with caste systems but yet you dare to say "colonialism is universal" ?
- "Europe" wasn't victim of any of this, only some localized areas saw migrations of new populations and it was of course way less violent than what we saw later during the XIXth century with west european colonialism.
- It was indeed universal but it would be wrong to say it wasn't about race especially in the arabo-muslim world.
- Lol that's another propaganda spread by right wing whites to play the victims. Reality is that Barbary slave trade was actually initiated by white amirals and their crews were also composed of europeans :
Jan Janszoon for example was dutch :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Janszoon
The pirates of Salé were in fact Iberians known as hornacheros :
https://corsairsandcaptivesblog.com/...f-sale-part-1/
Barbarossa was in fact albanian/greek :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayreddin_Barbarossa
Hassan Veneziano was Italian :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Veneziano
Ali Bitchin was Italian :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Bitchin
Yusuf Rais was English :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ward
etc etc
And like I said their crews were also european :
Jacques Heers, Les Barbaresques, p. 8
Jacques Heers, Les Barbaresques, p. 68
Depends how you define "race" but the problem with this, is that people like you are quick to use this "race" thing to promote racial hierarchy and to protect their superiority complex.
Agree. Racism is universal.
Stop talking about "white people" I will certainly never consider a sicilian or portuguese as "white people" nor as similar to russians or Irish so it's also a social construct born from this more and more globalized world.
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