Are there any surviving writings of the Bulgar language in medieval Bulgaria?

[викторслава]

When looking online most of what I see are inscriptions in Greek found in medieval Bulgaria, not anything fully in Bulgar.

[PAGANE]

what century are you interested in?

[викторслава]

what century are you interested in?

9th to 10th century when krum's dynasty ruled

[PAGANE]

With few exceptions, the preserved inscriptions that have come down to us are carved in the Greek language spoken in these centuries. The texts, edited as official inscriptions in the state center and in places, were to be read primarily by foreigners, envoys and refugees from Byzantium. For the illiterate Slavic and proto-Bulgarian population, the social and political role of the inscriptions was played by the oral folklore. However, there is no doubt that along with the Turkic inscriptions in Greek letters, the state chancellery and part of the proto-Bulgarian population used a runic script for a long time after the founding of the state. The abandonment of this letter and the transition to Greek texts would probably not have happened suddenly. The two known so far, inscriptions from Preslav and the village of Tsar Krum, written in Turko - Bulgarian language with Greek letters, represent such an intermediate phase of the extinction of the runic script. Such evidence is the innumerable signs on various objects, mainly ceramic vessels, and on building material from the old Bulgarian centers. many of them are either identical with letters from the Turkic runic script, or stand very close to the inscription of such letters. In other words, there is an inseparable connection between the two. And if the signs of the writing have disappeared from the practice of the Bulgarians in the lower Danube lands, then in their production practice and in their way of life they have been preserved with their independent role - the tamgas. This writing had to be abandoned by purely historical necessity. The reason for this is not only the extinction of the Turkic language among the proto-Bulgarians in Danube Bulgaria. The runic script had to disappear due to the state and cultural policy of Bulgaria in the Balkans. The Bulgarian state authorities need a single official official language. Naturally, this language could not be Slavic, although it was the most common because it was illiterate. According to the testimony of Chernorizets Hrabar, the Slavs also had a rudimentary letter, which he, as is well known, called "features and strokes". Perhaps in the bowels of the Slavic society in the Balkans in the VII-IX century a letter was born, based on the Greek and adapted to the Slavic phonetics similar to the corresponding experiments of the proto-Bulgarians, documented with the Turkic inventory inscriptions from Preslav and Tsar Krum. This language could not be Turko-Bulgarian either, because over the years and decades it has become less and less usable and understandable for the masses of the population. Historically, the most justified and natural was the use of the local Greek language, which became a kind of "koine" for the Bulgarian state. All epigraphic documents were written in this language, which, according to the Khan's office, should have had national significance. With this provincial Greek language, a remnant of the Hellenistic koine - Bulgaria became in this area the heir and successor of the old Balkan - Byzantine culture. It seems that this would have been the goal of the khan's power in Bulgaria. Thus, the texts of treaties between Bulgaria and Byzantium, such as the one from the village of Sechishte (Suleiman Kyoi), which addressed the issues of the Bulgarian-Byzantine border, exchange of prisoners, the border Slavic population and some others, appearing in the 30-year peace of 815, could be transmitted in the original on monumental columns. Such is the case with the text of a treaty by Kaspichan, which may be all about this 30-year peace and is probably a second copy of the same state document placed elsewhere in the center of the country.

[викторслава]

With few exceptions, the preserved inscriptions that have come down to us are carved in the Greek language spoken in these centuries. The texts, edited as official inscriptions in the state center and in places, were to be read primarily by foreigners, envoys and refugees from Byzantium. For the illiterate Slavic and proto-Bulgarian population, the social and political role of the inscriptions was played by the oral folklore. However, there is no doubt that along with the Turkic inscriptions in Greek letters, the state chancellery and part of the proto-Bulgarian population used a runic script for a long time after the founding of the state. The abandonment of this letter and the transition to Greek texts would probably not have happened suddenly. The two known so far, inscriptions from Preslav and the village of Tsar Krum, written in Turko - Bulgarian language with Greek letters, represent such an intermediate phase of the extinction of the runic script. Such evidence is the innumerable signs on various objects, mainly ceramic vessels, and on building material from the old Bulgarian centers. many of them are either identical with letters from the Turkic runic script, or stand very close to the inscription of such letters. In other words, there is an inseparable connection between the two. And if the signs of the writing have disappeared from the practice of the Bulgarians in the lower Danube lands, then in their production practice and in their way of life they have been preserved with their independent role - the tamgas. This writing had to be abandoned by purely historical necessity. The reason for this is not only the extinction of the Turkic language among the proto-Bulgarians in Danube Bulgaria. The runic script had to disappear due to the state and cultural policy of Bulgaria in the Balkans. The Bulgarian state authorities need a single official official language. Naturally, this language could not be Slavic, although it was the most common because it was illiterate. According to the testimony of Chernorizets Hrabar, the Slavs also had a rudimentary letter, which he, as is well known, called "features and strokes". Perhaps in the bowels of the Slavic society in the Balkans in the VII-IX century a letter was born, based on the Greek and adapted to the Slavic phonetics similar to the corresponding experiments of the proto-Bulgarians, documented with the Turkic inventory inscriptions from Preslav and Tsar Krum. This language could not be Turko-Bulgarian either, because over the years and decades it has become less and less usable and understandable for the masses of the population. Historically, the most justified and natural was the use of the local Greek language, which became a kind of "koine" for the Bulgarian state. All epigraphic documents were written in this language, which, according to the Khan's office, should have had national significance. With this provincial Greek language, a remnant of the Hellenistic koine - Bulgaria became in this area the heir and successor of the old Balkan - Byzantine culture. It seems that this would have been the goal of the khan's power in Bulgaria. Thus, the texts of treaties between Bulgaria and Byzantium, such as the one from the village of Sechishte (Suleiman Kyoi), which addressed the issues of the Bulgarian-Byzantine border, exchange of prisoners, the border Slavic population and some others, appearing in the 30-year peace of 815, could be transmitted in the original on monumental columns. Such is the case with the text of a treaty by Kaspichan, which may be all about this 30-year peace and is probably a second copy of the same state document placed elsewhere in the center of the country.

do you have any photos of these runic and turkic writings?

[PAGANE]

Currently, Bulgaria has over 100 such stone columns and blocks, with large parts of the texts, among which is the remarkable Madara horseman. At the same time, many inscriptions were found on rocks, stones and other random places where all sorts of people left graffiti - signs with a sharp object, records of something that is especially important only to them. Very often the inscriptions start like this: "To be known". This shows a manifestation of a special sense of historicity, the need for something to be written in order to remain for generations. In a word, in the Bulgarian state there is a tradition to write from the moment of its creation.
What is the runic script of the proto-Bulgarians?
The runic script is extremely well represented in the monastery in Murfatlar, today's Romania and in the monastery near Ravna, Provadia, as well as in a number of other monuments on the territory of today's Bulgaria. Murfatlar is a unique temple carved into a huge chalk hill. It has been operating since the end of the 9th and throughout the 10th century. The inscriptions in it reveal the movement of medieval monks and pilgrims, as well as the area of ​​distribution of the proto-Bulgarian script. It is supposed that this was one of the early Bulgarian centers for translation of liturgical literature into Bulgarian and for training of Bulgarian priests and chroniclers. On the walls of this monastery are scratched many signs - runic, Glagolitic and Cyrillic. There are also Greek inscriptions, a German name - "Rainpilpe", as well as more than 1000 drawings - graffiti, single and in various compositions. They are well known from the monuments discovered on the territory of Bulgaria. According to Prof. Beshevliev, who deals in detail with this monument, only 19 of the runic signs constituted the true system of runic writing used by the Bulgarians. Research over the years has shown that this sign system is related to the runic script in the Orkhon and Yenisei basins, and to that of the Szeklers. That is, the letter of the Bulgarians is related to the Turkic written tradition, not to the German runes, which are very well studied. It is interesting that in the runic system of the Bulgarians there are three signs - "b", "b" and double "yat". These three signs are not known in either the Turkic or Germanic runic script, but later entered the Cyrillic alphabet. This gives reason to assume that they correspond to specific sounds in the Bulgarian language and accordingly entered the Bulgarian alphabet to denote them. Unfortunately, the runic letter has not been read to this day, so we could not say exactly what messages are in them. In principle, each rune consists of a hasta (straight line), an arc or a circle. Therefore, there are some similarities in the outlines of the runic signs used by different peoples, but they are rather formal.
Scientists have found that in addition to the main signs, the proto-Bulgarians used many ligatures of a sign, a few signs - a syllable, or a whole word, which naturally makes the letter different. In a number of archeological sites in Northern Bulgaria were found extremely many single runes or combinations of runes on all objects - stone, pottery, building materials, etc. This circumstance suggests that a large part of these runes, as far as preserved the memory of their meaning has long been used as a wish, as a token of ownership, as an expression of gratitude. Whatever was written in these inscriptions, the most important thing for researchers is that the runes exist, as well as the fact that they were very actively used.
Which of the inscriptions in Greek are of particular interest?
All of them are extremely important for scientists, because in essence these are the only domestic monuments that store authentic information about Bulgarian history in the early Middle Ages. Based on this knowledge, conclusions can be drawn about the organization of the Bulgarian state, the structure of the army and the way of armaments, what peace treaties were concluded between Bulgaria and Byzantium, the clauses on which the two countries agreed, etc.
We learn about the actions of prominent soldiers, about the nature of wars. There is a whole series of border inscriptions - stone columns on which are carved the names of fortresses that the Bulgarians conquered and which marked the borders of our medieval state.
It is even more interesting that Turkic words often creep into the entire Greek construction. There are several single inscriptions, which are in Greek letters and entirely Turkic. Apparently the Bulgarians tried to adapt the Greek alphabet to their language. This comes to show that the adoption of the Cyrillic alphabet in the second half of the 9th century is an extremely natural act. Because the whole development of Bulgaria before the creation of this script by Cyril and Methodius shows that the Bulgarian statesmen had a need to record their history, as well as a need for a language in which to communicate.

[PAGANE]

[QUOTE = викторслава; 7320155] имате ли снимки на тези рунически и тюркски писания? [/QUOTE]


I need to look for what's on the internet

[Crn Volk]

Videte ovde

https://www.kroraina.com/pb_lang/index.html

[PAGANE]

Proto-Bulgarian inscription written in Greek from 813. It was found near the village of Hambarlii (today Malomirovo), Elhovo municipality, Yambol district.
Original text


"[Ο Κρουμος ο] [ά] -
ρχον ?? ΒΗΝΝΟ. ε- ξήλθεν ης (σονσταν) ηνόπο- (λη) ν (με τον λαόν) αυτού.


[κ] ε ο αδελφός αυ- [τ] ού ουκ εληθάρ- [γ] ησεν αυτόν κε εξήλ- [θ] εν κε έδοκε [ν] αυτόν ο θεό- σ κο ήμοσεν [τ] άδε <? Ε> την Σερδη- κήν, την <ν> Δεβελ- τόν, την Κονστα- ντήαν, την (Βερσ) ηνι- κάν, Α. What? τα δε λυπά κ [άσ] - τρα δεδοκεν ο θε [ό] ς φόβον κε ά [φ] ηκ- [α] ν κε έφυγαν κ- ε ο κά [τ] ο ο το τούτον, <τ> οπου ε [ξ] ή- λθε (ν με) τον όλον λαόν κε έκ (α) ψ (εν τα) χορήα ημόν <ν> α [υ] - το (ς) ] ο φαρακλός [κ] ε επήρεν όλα κε τους όρκους ε- λησμόνησεν κε εξ- [ήελ επή [αυτον) βασ] ηλέ [α] ε [νίκησεν? εφόνευσεν?] ΟΝ? Ε .. κε απήλθεν ...να ...... [κ] ε ερήμ (ο) σα την

Translation according to Beshevliev


"[Krum, the archon of the suburbs, went out with his army against Adrianople] and his brother did not forget him, but he also came out. And God (that is, Krum) allowed him to devastate the following places and fortresses: Serdica, Debelt, Constance, Versinikia, Adrianople. He captured these powerful fortresses. And the other fortresses God gave (that is, breathed) fear and they (that is, the Greeks) left them and fled to the lower earth (that is, today's Turkish Thrace). He did not forget this land, from where he had come out with all his army and had burned our lands alone, the old emperor, the bald man, and had taken everything and forgotten the oaths, and the archon Krum came out against him to fight ....... and went to ....... devastated ......


and Signs on a horn from Pliska


Family tamgas or production signs based on stone material used in the construction of Pliska


Aul near the village of Tsar Krum. Signs on bricks and tiles



and Pliska, the Great Pool. Bronze object with runic inscription




Malak Preslavets, Silistra region. An inscription telling about the victories of Khan Krum



Three commemorative inscriptions of fallen military leaders from the time of Omurtag



Sechishte village (Suleiman-kyoi), Shumen region.
Part of the text of the peace treaty concluded between Omurtag and Byzantium in 817. Inscription on a column

[PAGANE]

Rune sign from the Danube island of Pakuyul Louis Soare


Runic signs from the city wall of Silistra



Rune inscription from Byala, Varna region



A runic sign probably of the god Tangra from Pliska


Rune inscription from Basarab, Northern Dobrudja



Runic inscriptions from: A- Shudikovo (Yugoslavia), B- Asparuhovo, C and D- Pliska


List of armaments in Proto-Bulgarian with Greek letters


Excerpt from a list of weapons from the village of Dlazhko, between the letters proto-Bulgarian runes


Graphite from Preslav


An inscription from Ruse in an unknown language, probably proto-Bulgarian with Greek letters


An inscription in an unknown language, probably proto-Bulgarian, found in Pliska