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so how can the bulgars have spoken a turkic language if there are only very few turkic words here? is there any other evidence pointing to them speaking a turkic languageThe largest inscription - the one from Preslav, lists the armaments of two high Bulgarian dignitaries - one of the rank of ICHIRGU BOYLA and another of the rank of TORTUNA PILI JOPAN. The inscription reads:
ZITKOI ITZIRGU BOILA
HOUMS-HI KJUPE 455
TOULS-HI 540
ESTROGIN KJUPE 427
TOULS-HI 854
TURTUNA PILE ZHUPAN
ESTRJUGIN KJUPE 20
TOULS-HI 40
ALHASI KJUPE 1
HLOUBRIN
It is interpreted as a list of weapons due to the frequent repetition of the word KJUPE (meaning "armament, armor" in many Eastern languages) and also from the fact that against each occurrence of the word KJUPE there are numbers expressed in letters. The numbers certainly show the number of weapons that each dignitary must have possessed. This feature has already been discovered by the first researchers of the inscription - J. Denis and J. Venedikov, and it is an important contribution to its decipherment. Researchers have so far tried to explain the inscriptions only with the help of Turkic languages, which, however, do not have words such as "estrogin" and "chlobrin" and designations such as "humski kyupe" and "alhasi kyupe". Thus the inscription can be translated in half. Below is a systematic list of terms in the inscription and their meaning in some Eastern languages:
ZITKOY ICIRGU BOYLA. Since the sound "ch" is missing in Greek, a possible explanation for the first word ZITKOI is given by the Eastern Iranian term CHITKA - "fortification, moat", which is still used in the Tajik language in the form of CHUDGOH - a fortified military camp. In the Caucasus (among the Chechens and Legions) from this root are formed the words CHUCH -VAR - ditch, fortified with stones, and CHUTKIYA - cover. The end -I is also well known in Eastern Iranian languages.
ALHASI KUPE. We already know the second part of the expression, but now we want to define what the word "alhasi" means. The Preslav inscription shows that the Alhasi Coupe armament was not a normal armament, available in large quantities - there was only one of them, compared to 400 or more copies of other armaments. Therefore, the translation of "alhasi coupe" as "postal armor" made by previous researchers of the inscription is very incredible. Postal armor was not uncommon, on the contrary - it was the most common type of armor for the areas from which the proto-Bulgarians came. The combination
ALHASI KJUPE means something else. Instructions for its meaning come from the languages of those peoples who once lived in the vicinity of Kubrat Bulgaria (North Caucasus and Southern Russia). In some of these languages (eg Georgian) the word ALHASI means siege machine. Therefore, it can be assumed that in the proto-Bulgarian language ALHASI KJUPE did not mean a general type of armor, but large protective equipment with observation towers. This explains why, unlike other types of weapons - "chumshi kjupe", "estrogin kjupe", the weapon "alchasi kjupe" is mentioned only in one copy in Preslav. but large defenses with watchtowers. This explains why, unlike other types of weapons - "chumshi kjupe", "estrogin kjupe", the weapon "alchasi kjupe" is mentioned only in one copy in Preslav. but large defenses with watchtowers. This explains why, unlike other types of weapons - "chumshi kjupe", "estrogin kjupe", the weapon "alchasi kjupe" is mentioned only in one copy in Preslav.
ESTROGIN CUPE. This expression from Preslav has remained untranslated so far. Comparing the word "estrogen" with the Hungarian "tarragon", a kind of canopy, cannot solve the problem. However, in a number of small Pamir languages, the word 'estrika' means knitting, from which the adjective 'estrigin' (knitted) is derived. Conditions of this type have been observed in the Pamirs since the first century AD. Therefore, it is very likely that the proto-Bulgarian "ESTROGIN KJUPE" means "postal armor", ie. the typical eastern type of armor. The Preslav inscription shows that the defenders of Preslav had a total of 427 weapons of the "estrogen coupe" type. Such a large quantity can be considered postal mail.
HOUMS-HI KJUPE. This somewhat difficult expression has been translated as "soft armor" so far. The reason for this was the slight similarity between HOUMS-HI and the Turkic JUMSHAK. However, it would be difficult to find people who call their armor "soft." If we take into account the fact that due to the missing sound "sh" in the Greek language the combination "sh" is used instead, it can be assumed that the word HOUMS-HI KJUPE sounded like HUMSHI KJUPE in Proto-Bulgarian, which greatly facilitates investigations. In the regions adjacent to the former Kubrat Bulgaria in the Caucasus, even today the word HUNCHI (shaped, cast in metal) is found, which resembles the proto-Bulgarian term HUMSHI. In more detail, under the Caucasian word HUMCHI is hidden the Sumerian Akkadian term HUMSJU (molded piece). Thus, the unsettled expression HOUMS-HI KJUPE does not mean "soft armor", but cast armor, ie. a type of armor common in the Middle Ages. The Nadslav inscription shows that the weapon, called HUMSHI KJUPE, was available in large quantities, which also fits very well with the assumption that it means molded, not "soft" armor.
TOULS-HI. The translation of this word by previous researchers, who all agreed that it should be translated as a helmet, was quite accurate. Also, the quantity of this item was large (over 1000 pieces), which correlates with the number of the above-mentioned weapons, as wearing helmets was mandatory. So far, the Turkic word "tuldzha" is the only form proposed as similar to the word "touls-hi". But, as in the case of "kjupe", no further attempts have been made to find similarities. Given that the proto-Bulgarian word is pronounced as "tulshi" (since the Greek combination "sh" sometimes meant the sound "sh"), it seems that the proto-Bulgarian word is closer to the Sumerian Akkadian term TULSJU (helmet) (formed by the Sumerian root TUL [cover]) and not the Turkic "
HLOBRIN. There was a consensus that this word, like the word ESTROGIN, was of Turkic origin and was considered to mean "saddle". But HLOBRIN had to be a very rare article, as Preslav's inscription mentions only one copy of it, which obviously contradicts his interpretation as a "saddle". Like the proto-Bulgarian word HLOBRIN, there were some ancient terms common among Indo-European peoples, such as the Pamir word "hulburae" (protective cover) and the Celtic word "hlubram" (canopy). Therefore, HLOBRIN was most likely a large defensive device used to attack fortresses.
ranslation of the entire Preslav inscription / after I. Dobrev / as:
THE FORTRESS (or THE REINFORCED CAMP)
THERE ARE 455 SUMMER ARMORS
AND 540 HELMET,
427 Postal Armor
AND 854 HELMET.
THE CHIEF PRIEST OF THE TRIBE IS
20 POSTAL ARMORS,
40 HELMET,
A FIGURE TOWER
AND ONE STATION.
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