Foreign women captured by prostitution networks take between one and two years to pay off their debts.ARCHIVE
Spain not only holds the dubious honor of being the main gateway for cocaine and hashish distributed throughout Europe. Now it is also a point of passage and destination for the mafias that traffic in women for sexual exploitation, a sector, that of prostitution, which moves 18,000 million every year.
This is what the UN Office on Drugs and Crime assures and is confirmed by Spanish police sources. In fact, Spain and France are the two European countries with the most police operations against prostitution networks.
From 2003 to 2008, 7,300 members of these networks have been arrested in our country. In 2007 (Interior does not provide data for 2008), there were 523 police operations, 16% more than in 2006.
"Half of prostitution is in the hands of
Romanian mafias. Since Romania and
Bulgaria are in the EU, the girls can come more easily," police sources point out. There are also
Russian and
Ukrainian criminal networks.
In August the biggest operation against Russian mafias was carried out. There were 99 detainees who controlled 600 girls in 26 clubs.
Brazilians, Colombians and Dominicans dominate South American prostitution. "There are also
Nigerian networks, street prostitution; and
Chinese, who force girls to prostitute themselves in clandestine apartments".
Brothels
A large part of this prostitution takes place in brothels. It is difficult to quantify their number. A study by the Guardia Civil (carried out on the roads and in their headquarters, in municipalities of less than 50,000 inhabitants) put the number of these clubs at 1,037, in which 20,284 girls worked, of which only 249 were Spanish.
The total figure may be as high as 3,600 in Spain as a whole.
Most of the women come deceived. They think they are going to work as waitresses or in agriculture and contract travel debts ranging from 3,000 to 45,000 euros.
The crisis reaches the brothels
Not all businesses are controlled by the mafias. There is also a minority sector, that of luxury prostitution, "in which the girls are there because they want to be, when they want to be and they earn their money", explains to 20 minutos the owner of Chicas Gold, a luxurious villa in Madrid where services range from 150 to 500 euros.
The sector is also being affected by the crisis. "Not in 2008, but this year, we have 20% less clients. Even so, we have not lowered prices. This is a luxury business, with special girls. And I think we will survive the crisis. We serve special needs. Prostitution has always existed and will always exist".
The employers' association of brothels, Anela, estimates the decrease in customers at 25%. "We bill 40% less, we have lost 20,000 direct and indirect jobs". Although they recognize that there are not fewer prostitutes, "simply that they earn less," says a spokesman.
Complaints against the government plan
The Plan against Human Trafficking, approved in December by the Government, is not working. NGOs working with victims claim that the State does not protect girls who want to leave prostitution and denounce their exploiter.
In theory, the woman who denounces gets a residence permit, but to get it, the denunciation has to offer results in the police investigation. "Most of those who have taken this step end up withdrawing the complaint. There are no means to protect them and the judicial process is long," says Rocio Nieto, of the Association for the Prevention, Reintegration and Care of Prostituted Women (Apreamp).
Prostitution figures
300,000 women prostitute themselves in Spain, 20% of whom do so on the street. More than 90% are foreigners and 7% are transvestites and transsexuals.
The province of A Coruña has 76 brothels, the most, according to the Guardia Civil report.
27% of Spaniards between 18 and 48 years old admit having used the services of a prostitute at some time, according to the INE.
40,000 euros is usually the travel debt that Nigerian women forced into prostitution have to pay.
1,124 million euros would be left in the coffers of the Social Security if prostitution were legal and the girls paid contributions, according to the calculations of the Tax Agency with data from 2005.
45,000 euros are the annual income of a prostitute in Spain.
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