The E-V13 Gene Pool Is Associated with 50% of the Roman Army

[VikLevaPatel]

Is the E-V13 gene pool associated with 50% of the Roman Army

The E-V13 males are found in high frequency in the Roman settlement during the 1st through 4th centuries CE by Roman soldiers.

On the SNP Tracker, the drop-down list displays Select an Example and contains "Major Y Haplogroups and Migrations" including:

E-M81, J2, R1b Iberian
J2a, E Roman
E-V13, R1b-U106 Anglo-Saxons

The FamilyTree DNA E-V13 Group Project attempts to link E-V13 individuals from three regions – Balkans (specifically high E-V13 concentration areas such as Kosovo & Macedonia) – England – German/Swiss border area (Hegau, Thurgau) The project attempts to collect genetic evidence, that all three regions are linked by means of Roman auxiliary troop movements between 15 AD and 260 AD. The hypothesis is based on the fact that Roman legions systematically recruited Balkan populations for expeditions into Western Europe. Some hard archaeological hard facts suggest that after 250 AD up to 50% of all Roman auxiliary troops were from the Balkans.

Roman soldiers in Britain. Significant frequencies of E-V13 have also been observed in towns in Wales, Chester ancient Deva in England and Scotland. The old trading town of Abergele on the northern coast of Wales in particular showed 7 out of 18 local people tested were in this lineage (approximately 40%), as reported in Weale et al. (2002). Bird (2007) attributes the overall presence of E-V13 in Great Britain, especially in areas of high frequency, to settlement during the 1st through 4th centuries CE by Roman soldiers of Thracian and Dacian ancestry from the Balkan peninsula. Bird proposes a connection to the modern region encompassing Kosovo, southern Serbia, northern Republic of Macedonia, and extreme northwestern Bulgaria (a region corresponding to the Roman province of Moesia Superior), which was identified by Peričic et al. (2005) as harboring the highest frequency worldwide of this sub-clade. However, according to data published so far, E-V13 appears to be notably absent in Central England, a fact which Bird (2007) suggests reflects a genuine population replacement of Romano-British people with Anglo-Saxons:

The “E-V13 hole” suggests that either (a) a massive displacement of the native Romano-British population by invasion or, (b) the substantial genetic replacement of Romano-British Y-DNA through an elite dominance (“apartheid”) model [ Thomas et al. (2006) ], has occurred in Central England. Regardless of the mechanism, the Central England region of Britain, with its lack of E-V13 haplotypes, is the area having the most “striking similarity in the distribution of Y-chromosomes” with Friesland.
—Bird (2007)

Compare the Roman Senatorial Provinces and the E-V13 DNA; both match perfectly! It is like a circle on top of a circle on top of a circle. These types of evidence may strongly point to E-V13 as the founders of the Roman Empire!

Romansenatorialprovinces.jpg
Roman senatorial provinces

E-V13onRomansenatorialProvinces.jpg
E-V13 on Roman senatorial Provinces

romanlegions.jpg
E-M35 E-V13 Roman Legions Forts AD 80

Greek soldiers in Pakistan. E-V13 have also been used in studies seeking to find evidence of a remaining Greek presence in Afghanistan and Pakistan, going back to the time of Alexander the Great. An extensive analysis of Y diversity within Greeks and three Pakistani populations – the Burusho, Kalash and Pathan – who claim descent from Greek soldiers allowed us to compare Y lineages within these populations and re-evaluate their suggested Greek origins. This study as a whole seems to exclude a large Greek contribution to any Pakistani population, confirming previous observations. However, it provides strong evidence in support of the Greek origins for a small proportion of Pathans, as demonstrated by the clade E network and the low pairwise genetic distances between these two populations.
—Firasat et al. (2006)

A haplogroup is a group of similar genes inherited from a common ancestor. I think that is a very interesting comment in response to the FamilyTreeDNA Forum's members (100% European with African Y-DNA):

My father's paternal line is Austrian but his Y-dna haplogroup is also E ( E-L117). In my father's case the Y-haplogroup probably comes from the Romans, Roman soldiers of Balkan ancestry, the remnants of the Holy Roman Empire. Maybe it is the same in your situation? But I'm still doing my research, so this is just a suggestion, nothing sure yet.

https://archive.md/D80iW#selection-1959.26-1959.374

And this one equally so:

Some of my male cousins carry the y-haplogroup E-P277 (which is Subsaharan African), yet show 100% European in their autosomal DNA result. This is because our male African ancestor was many generations ago in colonial Virginia.

https://archive.md/D80iW#selection-2243.26-2243.254

[TheMaestro]

Ave Caesar!

[Carpatz]

Roman soldiers in Britain. Significant frequencies of E-V13 have also been observed in towns in Wales, Chester ancient Deva in England and Scotland. The old trading town of Abergele on the northern coast of Wales in particular showed 7 out of 18 local people tested were in this lineage (approximately 40%), as reported in Weale et al. (2002). Bird (2007) attributes the overall presence of E-V13 in Great Britain, especially in areas of high frequency, to settlement during the 1st through 4th centuries CE by Roman soldiers of Thracian and Dacian ancestry from the Balkan peninsula. Bird proposes a connection to the modern region encompassing Kosovo, southern Serbia, northern Republic of Macedonia, and extreme northwestern Bulgaria (a region corresponding to the Roman province of Moesia Superior), which was identified by Peričic et al. (2005) as harboring the highest frequency worldwide of this sub-clade. However, according to data published so far, E-V13 appears to be notably absent in Central England, a fact which Bird (2007) suggests reflects a genuine population replacement of Romano-British people with Anglo-Saxons

https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Welsh

From Middle English Walsch, Welische, from Old English wīelisċ (“Briton; Roman; Celt”), from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz (“Celt; later Roman”), from *walhaz (“Celt, Roman”) (compare Old English wealh), from the name of the Gaulish tribe, the Volcae (recorded only in Latin contexts).

This word was borrowed from Germanic into Slavic (compare Old Church Slavonic Влахъ (Vlaxŭ, “Vlachs, Romanians”), Byzantine Greek Βλάχος (Blákhos)).

Doublet of Vellish. Compare Walloon, walnut, Vlach, Walach, Gaul, Cornwall.

[Loki]

Yeah, this is all very interesting and a possible genetic connection to at least 1500-2000 years ago.

[VikLevaPatel]

Common Slavs from the Lower Danube, expanding with haplogroup E1b-V13? https://archive.md/JgOhQ

About the homeland in the Kiev culture, two early Avar females from Szólád have been commented to cluster “among Modern Slavic populations” based on some data in Amorim et al. (2018).

https://archive.md/JgOhQ#selection-1195.1-1209.1

Two likely Slavic individuals from Usedom, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (AD 1200) show hg. R1a-M458 and E1b-M215 (Freder 2010).
An early West Slav individual from Hrádek nad Nisou in Northern Bohemia (ca. AD 1330) also shows E1b-M215 (Vanek et al. 2015).
One sample from Székkutas-Kápolnadülő (SzK/239) among middle or late Avars (ca. AD 650-710), a supposed Slavonic-speaking polity, of hg. E1b-V13.
Two samples from Karosc (K1/13, and K2/6) among Hungarian conquerors (ca. AD 895-950), likely both of hg. E1b-V13, probably connected to the alliance with Moravian elites.

https://archive.md/JgOhQ#selection-1271.0-1309.58

A later Hungarian sample (II/53) from the Royal Basilica, where King Béla was interred, of hg. E1b1, supports the importance of this haplogroup among elite conquerors, although its original relation to the other buried individuals is unknown.

https://archive.md/JgOhQ#selection-1321.0-1329.143

See also https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...80#post7378380

Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin: https://www.researchgate.net/publica...rpathian_Basin
Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes: https://www.researchgate.net/publica...ngarian_tribes

[E1b1b]

E-V13 spread in the Bronze Age. The Roman theory is pretty much extinct lol

[Loki]

E-V13 spread in the Bronze Age. The Roman theory is pretty much extinct lol

I don't think it's a matter of either or, but rather a bit of both. There are areas that were not particularly touched by Bronze Age distribution of E-V13, and the Roman Army most likely played an important role in spreading it.

[Freeroostah]

The E-V13 presence in the Isles could have been older, from the Neolithic Era (Stonehenge builders)

[zebruh]

This only matters if they found your y dna subclade matching with a ancient roman sample.
Theres ancient roman J-L283 samples but they are on certain branches of the tree. Theres a viking J-L283 also, and sardianians but they are at different branches although the sardinians are mostly early basal off shoots. And a croatian J-L283 at 1600BC. Just depends if you actually match with the ancient sample or not

Im not familiar with ev13 but i talked about J-L283 to give you example about why it doesn't matter if 50 percent if roman army is ev13 and that trying to fit them into groups is not really accurate.

[E1b1b]

The E-V13 presence in the Isles could have been older, from the Neolithic Era (Stonehenge builders)

There is a lower chance of that. E-V13 was not widely spread in Europe during the Neolithic. E-V13 seems to be exclusively related to the cardium pottery culture and was only present where they had presence. It’s not a Haplogroup that was present in the main Neolithic farmer groups.

Isles E-V13 most likely arrived during Bronze Age after being assimilated by Indo-Europeans from Sopot culture around Hungary.