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The Indian patrilineal pool is very diverse and cuts across language, caste, tribe, and religion. R1a1, R2, H1, and L1 are widely distributed across many castes, tribes, and religions of India. R2 is present primarily in India and Pakistan, although it originated in South Central Asia about 25,000 years ago.
Pic related are some Dravidian speaking tribal groups with high R1a frequency.
r1.png
While several IE speakers have lower or similar R1a frequency such as
Kashmiri Pandits (19.61%)
Punjabi Brahmins (35%)
Gujarati Brahmins (32%)
Gujarati Patels (22%)
(Sahoo et al)
muhhap.jpg
The R haplogroup emerged about 35,000 years ago, and R1a emerged about 15,000 years ago. There is considerable controversy regarding the origin and spread of this haplotype, and its role in the spread of Indo-European languages. The "inside India" theory (e.g., Sharma et al. 2009) suggests that R1a1 originated in India 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, if not earlier -- today about 125 million Indian men have the R1a1 haplotype. It spread from India/Iran into parts of Eastern Europe, Russia, and further West starting around 5,000 years ago.
On the Origins of r1a1: https://archive.md/n9Mx6/1dc533788bb...a2734f0ed4.png
Y-haplogroups percentage distribution in studied regional population groups of India:
https://archive.md/ye2wa
https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082/tables/1
Bihar Paswan
R1a1 (40.74)
The Paswan, also known as Dusadh, are a Dalit community from eastern India. They are found mainly in the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand. The Urdu word Paswan means bodyguard or "one who defends".
https://archive.md/yIwUO#selection-2245.0-2281.70The Dusadhs account for over 30 per cent of the Dalit population, giving them numerical heft in the state — the first factor to make any caste group dominant, according to Rahul Verma, fellow at the Delhi-based think tank Centre for Policy Research (CPR). The other two factors, according to Verma, are economic resources and political power. The Paswans, it is believed, have historically had access to both despite belonging to the lowest stratum in the caste hierarchy laid down in the Vedic mythology. Their martial roots are believed to have lent the community a distinctive physical prowess. The word Dusadh literally means one who cannot be controlled or is “insurmountable”.
The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system:
https://archive.md/SQK5Y
https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082
https://archive.md/GVGKA#selection-4285.1-4285.427Several researchers pointed out on the basis of the further analysis that this male lineage of DNA known as R1a1 had not arrived from outside but was indigenous to India These researches also noted the formidable presence of this DNA (R1a1) in the dravidian speaking South Indians as well as the austro-asiatic speaking tribal groups. In fact this DNA had migrated to Southeast Asia also from where it even reached Madagascar.
In rather broad terms, it is possible to make some generalisations. H is found in greater percentage among the Austro-Asiatic tribal population, L among the Dravidian language (such as Tamil and Telugu) speaking non-tribal population, R1a1 among speakers of the Indo-European languages (such as Hindi, Punjabi and Bengali). But there is no way on this basis to distinguish any individual from another. An individual with R1a1 could as well be a tribal as an Indo-European language speaker. Nor can discrete groupings be identified in any clear-cut way. The L marker could be found in the north of the country, and H could show up among some Brahmins. Every ethnic group has members that belong to more than one haplogroup, indicating that they have different lines of ancestors. There was no ethnic group in these analyses that could trace the genetic ancestry of all its members to a single MRCA.
Genetic distances estimated from autosomal polymorphisms have typically demonstrated that caste populations tend to occupy a position intermediate between European and East Asian populations.
Pure AASI: https://archive.md/FUrE8/8f9afeb0183...045854355f.jpg
holocene.jpg
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