3
The Gypsies are quite a complex bunch....
European Roma groups show complex West Eurasian admixture footprints and a common South Asian genetic origin:
https://journals.plos.org/plosgeneti...l.pgen.1008417Comparative linguistics and genetic studies have placed the origin of European Roma in the Northwest of India. After their migration across Persia, they entered into the Balkan Peninsula, from where they spread into Europe, arriving in the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th century. Our results suggest that the putative origin of the proto-Roma involves a Punjabi group with low levels of West Eurasian ancestry. In addition, we have identified a complex West Eurasian component (around 65%) in the Roma, as a result of the admixture events occurred with non-proto-Roma populations between 1270–1580. Particularly, we have detected the Balkan genetic footprint in all European Roma, and the Baltic and Iberian components in the Northern and Western Roma groups, respectively. Finally, our results show genetic substructure within the Iberian Roma, with different levels of West Eurasian admixture, as a result of the complex historical events occurred in the Peninsula.
Most of the Roma are genetically closer to Indians than to European populations, hardly surprising in view of the linguistic theories on the Indian origins of the Roma proposed two centuries ago. More importantly, this analysis highlights the internal diversity of the Roma, who appear to be genetically far more heterogeneous than autochthonous European populations.
However, the social organization and cultural dynamics in Indian populations lead to substructure in closely-related linguistic groups, as is reflected in the different proportions of Ancestral North Indian (ANI) and Ancestral South Indian (ASI) genetic components shown in groups even living in the same geographic region, which prevents them to be considered as genetically homogeneous groups and challenges the retrieval of the origins of Roma based solely on linguistic data.
Attachment 111093
Romani is closely related to Punjabi and Kashmiri languages, and the populations showing the highest relatedness to Roma/Gypsies are Punjabis and Kashmiri Pandits.
We estimate that the Roma have ~80% West Eurasian ancestry, reflecting a combined estimate of the ANI ancestry that the Roma derive from their South Asian ancestors (pre-exodus) and the European ancestry related to the admixture in Europe (post-exodus to Europe).http://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.1696v1.pdfIndians were grouped in seven regional categories as follows: North includes Tharu, Kharia, Vaish, Srivastava, Sahariya, Lodi, Pathan and Sindhi, Northwest includes Kashmiri Pandit and Punjabi, Northeast includes Nyasha and Ao Naga, Southwest includes Kurumba and Hallaki, Southeast includes Madiga, Mala, Vysya, Chenchu, Naidu, Velama and Kamsali, West includes Bhil, Meghawal and Gujarat, East includes Santhal and Satnami and Andamanese includes Great Andamanese and Onge.
Genetic investigations based on the study of paternal and maternal lineages (Y-chromosome markers and mtDNA) confirmed the South Asian origin of Roma. However, these studies were contradicting each other, because Y-chromosome studies suggested a South Indian origin, while mtDNA pointed out the Northwest Indian origin of Roma. This paper strengthened the Northwest Indian origin of Roma and concluded that Pakistan could also play significant role in the origin of Romani people.
https://archive.md/biCmO#selection-711.1007-711.1582According to our analyses, Roma showed significant IBD sharing of 0.132 Mb with Northwest Indian ethnic groups. The most significant IBD sharings included ethnic groups of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat states. However, we found also significant IBD sharing of 0.087 Mb with ethnic groups living in Pakistan, such as Balochi, Brahui, Burusho, Kalash, Makrani, Pashtun and Sindhi.
https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...=1#post7354824
https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...=1#post7335367
https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...=1#post7354826
Bookmarks