Extremely Accurate In The Ethnicities Department

[VikLevaPatel]

How Accurate Are DNA Ancestry Tests? DNA ancestry accuracy is determined by the amount of data the test center has accumulated. There is a wide range of DNA sequences. The more DNA sequences there are of individuals from your ethnic group and ancestral geographic range, the better the accuracy rate. DNA ancestry accuracy is also determined by the degree of intermixture in your lineage. If you come from a heterogeneous background, you may find it more challenging to trace your roots. But if the testing companies have bulk DNA data from these lineages, you may get more accurate results. Companies compare their data from a database that may not produce definitive results. Most DNA testing companies use common genetic variations found in their database as the basis for testing DNA accuracy. Therefore, you may get different results if you use different companies. Some of the ethnicities from Africa, East Asia, South America, and South Asia may be hard to trace because DNA testing companies have limited DNA data in their databases to compare to. The connection between race, hereditary qualities, and topographical root is incredibly mind-boggling and the subject of critical scholastic discussion. A specialist in human sciences and social science keep up that race is a social and social idea. Race, they contend, has been characterized by discernible (i.e., phenotypic) characteristics, for example, skin shading or eye shape, which have been subjectively vested with a level of social significance or pertinence. Hence, race is seen by these gatherings as a liquid idea whose definition has been affected more by social and recorded powers than by evident hereditary contrasts.

23andMe: My favorite ancestry test. I got a lot more information from this report than I’ve gotten from any other company, including my maternal and paternal haplogroups, Neanderthal ancestry, and hereditary traits. And my ethnicity report seems very accurate based on what I know about my family.

AncestryDNA: Also extremely accurate in the ethnicities department. And through the company’s genealogy service, you can build a huge online family tree that’s chock-full of historical documents; this may be very appealing if you’re exploring your heritage.

MyHeritage: This test is comparable to AncestryDNA, especially with regard to the family tree capability. My ethnicity results from MyHeritage weren’t quite as accurate as those from the other two companies (or from Vitagene, which is also worth considering). Still, MyHeritage is the least expensive of the three.

https://archive.is/9pmxW#selection-3879.0-3941.90

The accuracy of your Mapmygenome results depends on which specific test you are taking. For example, Genomepatri Heritage – the company’s ancestry test – produced inaccurate results for me, based on what other DNA tests such as 23andMe, AncestryDNA, and MyHeritage have told me as well as what I know about my ancestry. A lot of people who aren’t of Indian descent may have a similar experience.

The cause for its inaccuracy may be due to the fact that Mapmygenome has only collected DNA samples from 3,000 customers, most of whom are probably of Indian descent. The company may just not have collected enough samples from a diverse enough range of customers to be able to get certain people’s ancestry results right.

On the other hand, Mapmygenome’s health and wellness and diet and fitness tests seem quite accurate. Genomepatri, the company’s comprehensive health and wellness test, gave me very similar results to what I’ve received from other 23andMe, Vitagene, and MyHeritage. All four tests have suggested that I’m genetically likely to have trouble absorbing several B vitamins and vitamin D. When I get concurring feedback from that many tests, I’m inclined to believe they’re all telling the truth.

https://archive.is/9pmxW#selection-4223.0-4281.227

Mapmygenome’s ancestry test (Genomepatri Heritage) would be a great choice for anyone of Indian descent, because it is supposed to be able to differentiate among India’s many ethnicities more precisely than other companies. On the other hand, if you aren’t of Indian descent, I don’t recommend Genomepatri Heritage, because I found that it did an extremely poor job of identifying my ethnicities.

https://archive.is/9pmxW#selection-4427.0-4455.82

My 23andMe test also showed less than 1 percent of South Asian, Sub-Saharan African, and East Asian & Native American. This, Chakravarti says, is likely true because the genetics of people on a continental level are so different, and it's not likely South Asian is going to look like European. "Resolving a difference between, say, an African genome and an East Asian genome would be easy," he says. "But resolving that same difference between one part of East Asia and another part of East Asia is much more difficult."

https://archive.is/71b53#selection-1617.0-1617.520

Each company uses their own reference populations.
DNA services tend to based on regional data, which varies around the world. There may be certain SNPs that are more common in European populations than in African or Asian populations.
Genetics are complex. Although it has been studied for many decades, DNA is not entirely understood. There could be significant SNPs that are not evaluated or recognized as important genetic markers. You also might not inherit certain genes that show your Scandinavian heritage even if your siblings have.

https://archive.is/tJJWG#selection-399.0-445.500

Bottom Line: Ancestral DNA tests are only as accurate as of the company you choose to test with because each company uses its own reference populations.

As the companies collect more samples, their understanding of markers of people of a particular heritage should become more precise. But for now, the smaller the percentage of a population within a continent that is in the database, the less certain they are.

Who has the largest DNA database?

Ancestry.com has the largest DNA database of all the consumer DNA testing companies. Our 2021 estimates for DNA database sizes lists the companies in this descending order:

AncestryDNA
23andMe
MyHeritage
FamilyTreeDNA
LivingDNA

Estimates of Consumer DNA Database Sizes

AncestryDNA 20+ million
23andMe 12+ million
MyHeritage 5+ million
FamilyTreeDNA 1.7+ million
GEDmatch 1.4+ million

Ancestry.com announced in 2021 on their corporate website that they had over 20 million DNA tests in their database. This was a rise of two million kits since the end of 2020. It means that Ancestry.com maintains its position as the largest DNA database of all the consumer DNA testing companies.

[VikLevaPatel]

The cause for its inaccuracy may be due to the fact that Mapmygenome has only collected DNA samples from 3,000 customers, most of whom are probably of Indian descent. The company may just not have collected enough samples from a diverse enough range of customers to be able to get certain people’s ancestry results right.

It’s all in genes.

Acharya agrees that apart from poor awareness about the utility of its products, the high price of a Genomepatri (around Rs 25,000) too is a challenge.

https://archive.is/jVru6#selection-1071.762-1071.1235

DNA samples from 3,000 customers.
India's Population - 1.38 billion (2020)


The Coming Collapse of China and India: https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...hina-and-India

[VikLevaPatel]

I have just received mine. It's pretty much accurate. Your genetic testing journey is not complete until and unless you get a test from AncestryDNA. The AncestryDNA test results are essentially useful and necessary for further genetic analysis on third-party DNA upload sites.

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What does the map show?

On average, people native to this area on the map have 50-75% Northern India ethnicity.
On average, people native to this area on the map have 25-50% Northern India ethnicity.

The map shows you how common an ethnicity is among people with a long family history in one place. We look at their DNA test results, then plot the average amounts of that ethnicity on a map.

What can the map tell you?
Along with showing ethnicity averages, the map can give you a rough idea of where your ancestors might have lived. However, that area may be even larger if your percentage is low or they came from many different places.

Ethnicity Estimate

Your DNA looks most like DNA from these 2 world regions

We compare your DNA against a worldwide reference panel to see which populations your DNA looks most like.

Northern India
98%

Southern India
2%

See other regions tested
1,500+

DNA Communities

Your DNA connects you to 1 genetic community.

Communities form when we identify AncestryDNA members whose ancestors probably came from the same place or cultural group.

Punjab and Western India
1850—1975
Connected to your regions: Northern India; Southern India

DNA Matches

384
Total DNA matches

11
Matches sharing their location

[VikLevaPatel]

Northern India 98%
Southern India 2%

Although the Ancestry.com® Upload Results from the HomeDNA GPS Origins® Algorithm are showing "something different." I'm not surprised in the least. HomeDNA's Ancestry Test should also be avoided. Their DNA Origins testing provides an estimated percentage of ancestry from – according to them – the four founding population groups:

European. This people group includes Europeans, South Asians and Middle Easterners
African. This group includes people with roots in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa
East Asian. This people group includes the Koreans, Chinese, Japanese and Pacific Islanders
Indigenous American. This group is composed of people who migrated to inhabit North, South and Central America

And don't be surprised if your grossly incorrect report says (like mine did) you're 51% Indigenous American!

What the Heck! "European" includes South Asians?

Someone flunked the geography test. And flunked badly.



I'd rely on GEDmatch, MyTrueAncestry (My True Ancestry), and Sequencing.com (especially their Map My Genes and Map My Genes Archaeology Edition apps) for accuracy and precision. NOT THESE CLOWNS.

https://i.ibb.co/PQHr6JV/gps-origins.png
https://archive.is/UKK8g/aa1d3683b7c...639a40beeb.png

I concur with this reviewer: 'I found this test to be absolutely worthless. They advertise they will give you town locations of your origins, but if they are they are talking about prehistoric times. Their results were completely inconsistent with the other tests I have done and which are consistent with my known genealogy. Do not buy this test."

And this one too: "I have tested with 23andme, Ancestry, uploaded my raw datas on numerous websites such as DNA tribes, DNA. Land, Gedmatch, FTDNA and wegenes, but this one got to be the WORST! LOL....GPS Origins gave me a false prediction by linking me to groups i am not related to. (More than 15% siberian when all the other tests proves that i dont have any siberian ancestry). I do NOT recommend it."

GPS Origins™ has compared your individual genetic signature to a database of over 10,000 signatures from 500 populations with known geographic locations to identify the places and times when portions of your DNA formed. Your personaltest results indicate the percentage of your genetic material that you inherited from each of the three major gene pools that formed your DNA. Modern human populations are made up of the various mixtures of these gene pools, created in the distant past when large groups of people moved from one area to another, and individual migration was rare. As the incoming gene pool mixed with a local one, a new genetic signature was created across the entire population.

GENE POOL PERCENTAGES

/ / / #1 SOUTHEASTERN INDIA

Southeast India has long been influenced by empires and kingdoms that originated in the north and west

/ / / #2 SOUTHWESTERN INDIA

Southwest India is known for its ancient cultures and temples, as well as its world famous cuisine

/ / / #3 NORTHERN INDIA

Northern India has been home to many ancient civilizations. Situated at the southern boundary of the

Migration Story B
Movement from India to Bangladesh
At some point after 598 AD your ancestors moved to Bangladesh and once they reached there this is what they would have experienced shortly afterwards:

Stability and Prosperity under the Pala Empire

Between 750 AD and 1120 AD, Bangladesh was ruled by local leaders in a period known as the Pala Empire. By 750 the Pala Buddhist dynasty controlled areas of Bangladesh. The dynasty ushered in a period of stability and prosperity. At its greatest extent, the empire extended into the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. Palas were responsible for the introduction of Mahayana Buddhism in Tibet, Bhutan and Myanmar. In the later period of the empire, the Chola Empire frequently invaded Bengal. At the same time in the center of Bangladesh the Candra dynasty was powerful enough to withstand the Pala Empire. People migrated from India to Bangladesh as part of the Chola invasions.

Indian genetics have fascinated many scientists in recent years, and large genetic differences have been documented between regions of the subcontinent. Some results have pointed to little population replacement even after the arrival of agriculture. Mitochondrial DNA studies have indicated that ancient migrations occurred along coastal routes. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome data looking at different Indian castes have been contentious, but there is some evidence for a higher proportion of Western Eurasian Y-chromosome content in high caste males. While migration of people from other areas has been facilitated by the transition to agriculture, it is likely that many of the more isolated groups that are identified within lower castes share more genetic continuity with local Asian lineages than more recent European and Middle Eastern admixture. Such groups include the Pulyar, Paniya, Bonda, Asur, which are all visible minorities within Southwest India and have historically been lower castes such as farm laborers.

Future testing may be able to better distinguish between particular regions of India. Such tests may also be able to clarify much of the ambiguity surrounding migration routes and ancient vs. more modern lineages of people from different caste backgrounds. Tests may also be able to predict the languages of one’s recent ancestors.

Macaulay V, Hill C, Achilli A, Rengo C, Clarke D, Meehan W, Blackburn J, Semino O, Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Taha A, Shaari NK, Raja JM, Ismail P, Zainuddin Z, Goodwin W, Bulbeck D, Bandelt H-J, Oppenheimer S, Torroni A, Richards M. 2005. Single, rapid coastal settlement of Asia revealed by analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes. Science 308: 1034-1036.

Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, Metspalu E, Adojaan M, Tolk H-V, Stepanov V, Gölge M, Usanga E, Papiha SS, Cinnioğlu C, King R, Cavalli-Sforza L, Underhill PA, Villems R. 2003. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations. Am J Hum Genet 72: 313-332.

Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins WS, Dixon ME, Ricker CE, Rao BB, Naidu JM, Ravi Prasad BV, Govinda Reddy P, Rasanayagam A, Papiha SS, Villems R, Redd AJ, Hammer MF, Nguyen SV, Carrol M, Batzer MA, Jorde LB. 2001. Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations. Genome Res 11: 994-1004.

Gene Pool Percentages
Complete Results

#1 Southeastern India 42.1%
Origin: Endemic to south eastern india with residues in Pakistan

#2 Southwestern India 10.8%
Origin: Endemic to Indian (Pulayar) with residues in India (Paniya, Savara, Bengali, Juang, Savara, Ho, Bonda)

#3 Northern India 9.9%
Origin: Peaks in North India (Dharkars, Kanjars) and declines in Pakistan

#4 Tuva 8.6%
Origin: Peaks in south Siberia (Russians: Tuvinian) and declines in North Mongolia

#5 Western Siberia 6.8%
Origin: Peaks in Krasnoyarsk Krai and declines towards east Russia

#6 Central America 5.2%
Origin: Peaks in Mexico and Central America with residues in Peru

#7 Orkney Islands 4.4%
Origin: Peaks in the Orkney islands and declines in England, France, Germany, Belarus, and Poland

#8 Austronesian Southeast Asia 4.1%
Origin: Peaks in Taiwan and Malay and declines in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and South China

#9 Arabia 3.4%
Origin: Peaks in Saudi Arabia and Yemen and declines in Israel, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt

#10 Southern France 2%
Origin: Peaks in south France and declines in north France, England, Orkney islands, and Scandinavia

#11 Bougainville 0.9%
Origin: Peaks in Bougainville and declines in Australia

#12 Fennoscandia 0.7%
Origin: Peaks in the Iceland and Norway and declines in Finland, England, and France

#13 Western South America 0.6%
Origin: Peaks in Peru, Mexico, and North America and declines in Eastern Russia

#14 Basque Country 0.3%
Origin: Peaks in France and Spain Basque regions and declines in Spain, France, and Germany

#15 Papuan New Guinea 0.1%
Origin: Peaks in Papua New Guinea and declines in Australia

Northern India Story

Northern India has been the home of many ancient civilizations. Situated at the southern boundary of the Himalayas, the region has relatively easy routes of contact to both the east and west. The earliest agricultural societies in India developed here and the region has historically been the focus of Indo-European language studies that tie together ancient connections among India, the Middle East, and Europe.

There is evidence of ancient human ancestors in India, which includes fossil Homo erectus skeletons dating back to the Middle Paleolithic. These are associated with a stone tool culture known as the Soanian.1 Modern humans moved into the area between 40,000 and 65,000 years ago,2 and are not thought to have interbred with the earlier human species that eventually disappeared.

The earliest evidence for agriculture has been found at a site called Mehrgarh in present day Pakistan.3 Archaeological evidence for early agricultural practices show clear links with the Middle East, where farming had first developed. Some researchers have suggested that much of the early evidence for Neolithic occupation may now be below sea level. Some underwater evidence has been found dating to 7,500 years ago.4 Today, there are languages in Northern India from the Indo-Iranian language family which differ from Dravidian language in the south. It is thought that most of the languages of the Indian subcontinent were Dravidian prior to the arrival of agriculture. Indo-Iranian languages arrived with early agriculturalists, and may have replaced Dravidian in Northern India while Dravidian speakers remained in the south.5

Early agricultural societies in Northern India and Pakistan evolved into the Indus Valley Civilization between 5,000 and 3,000 years ago,6 which became urbanized. The Indus valley cultures were followed by the Vedic period, which lasted from 1800 to 500 B.C., with the transition to iron production occurring during this time. The Sanskrit writing system was developed7 and cultural influences spread southward throughout India from the North. Northwestern India faced invasion by Alexander the Great’s forces in 4th century B.C.8 While this campaign was ultimately unsuccessful and the Greeks never came to rule over India, their influence could be felt through their presence in neighboring states. The Mauryan Empire appeared in Northwestern India between 322 and 185 B.C., expanding into the south and controlling much of the Indian subcontinent.9

The Gupta Empire followed in the early 1st millennia A.D., and this state again came to rule much of India.10 The Gupta Empire was known for producing much classical Indian art and significantly advancing early Indian science. Islam was brought to India from the Middle East and a series of kingdoms known as the Delhi Sultanates appeared between 1200 and 1500 A.D.11 These were followed by Mughal Empire, which also covered territories now in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India.12 The Sikh religion appeared during the 16th century and Sikhs began to rule areas of the Punjab.13 Northern Indian became heavily involved with the European spice trade, most famously through the East India Trading Company.14,15 This marked the beginning of colonial India, and eventual inclusion within the British Empire.

A wide range of genetic variability has been documented within India. Some evidence points to little population replacement since the arrival of agriculture.16 Mitochondrial DNA studies have indicated that ancient migrations occurred along coastal routes.17 Analyses of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome data looking at different Indian castes have been contentious,18 but there is some evidence for a higher proportion of Y-chromosomes of western origin in higher caste males. While migration of people from other areas has been facilitated through the transition to agriculture, it is likely that many of the more isolated groups that are identified within lower castes share more genetic continuity with local Asian lineages than more recent European and Middle Eastern admixtures. Recent investigations into relatively isolated minorities such as Kanjars, Dharkars and Dusadh have found unique lineages from Northern India.19,20

Future testing may be able to distinguish better between particular regions of India. Such testing may also clarify much of the ambiguity surrounding migration routes and ancient compared or more modern lineages of people from different caste backgrounds.

References:

1. Chauhan PR. 2008. Soanian lithic occurrences and raw material exploitation in the Siwalik Frontal zone, northern India: a geoarchaeological perspective. J Hum Evol 54: 591-614.

2. Oppenheimer S. 2009. The great arc of dispersal of modern humans: Africa to Australia. Quatern Int 202: 2-13.

3. Lukacs JR, Pastor RF. 1988. Activity‐induced patterns of dental abrasion in prehistoric Pakistan: Evidence from Mehrgarh and Harappa. Am J Phys Anthropol 76: 377-398.

4. Gaur AS, Vora KH. 1999. Ancient shorelines of Gujarat, India, during the Indus Civilization (Late Mid-Holocene): A study based on archaeological evidences. Cur India Sci 77: 180-185.

5. Krishnamurti B. 2003. The Dravidian Languages. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

6. Kenoyer JM. 1991. The Indus valley tradition of Pakistan and western India. J World Prehist 5: 331-385.

7. Deshpande MM. 2014. Ancient Indian Phonetics. In Koerner EFK, Asher RE. eds. Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. Pergamon Press: Oxford. pp.72-77.

8. Tarn WW. 2002. Alexander the Great: Volume 2, Sources and Studies (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

9. Sinopoli CM. 2001. On the edge of empire: Form and substance in the Satavahana dynasty. In Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Alcock SE, D’Altroy TN, Morrison KD, Sinopoli CM. eds, pp.155-78.

10. Mookerji, R. 1989. The Gupta Empire. Motilal Banarsidass: Delhi.

11. Jackson P. 2003. The Delhi sultanate: a political and military history. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

12. Richards JF. 1995. The Mughal Empire (Vol. 5). Cambridge University Press; Cambridge.

13. Grewal JS. 1998. The Sikhs of the Punjab (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

14. Chaudhuri KN. 1985. Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: an economic history from the rise of Islam to 1750. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

15. Chaudhuri KN. 1978. The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660-1760. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

16. Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, Metspalu E, Adojaan M, Tolk H-V, Stepanov V, Gölge M, Usanga E, Papiha SS, Cinnioğlu C, King R, Cavalli-Sforza L, Underhill PA, Villems R. 2003. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations. Am J Hum Genet 72: 313-332.

17. Macaulay V, Hill C, Achilli A, Rengo C, Clarke D, Meehan W, Blackburn J, Semino O, Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Taha A, Shaari NK, Raja JM, Ismail P, Zainuddin Z, Goodwin W, Bulbeck D, Bandelt H-J, Oppenheimer S, Torroni A, Richards M. 2005. Single, rapid coastal settlement of Asia revealed by analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes. Science 308: 1034-1036.

18. Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins WS, Dixon ME, Ricker CE, Rao BB, Naidu JM, Ravi Prasad BV, Govinda Reddy P, Rasanayagam A, Papiha SS, Villems R, Redd AJ, Hammer MF, Nguyen SV, Carrol M, Batzer MA, Jorde LB. 2001. Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations. Genome Res 11: 994-1004.

19. Metspalu M, Romero IG, Yunusbayev B, Chaubey G, Mallick CB, Hudjashov G, Nelis M, Reedik M, Metspalu E, Remm M, Pitchappan R, Singh L, Thangaraj T, Villems R, Kivisild T. 2011. Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia. Am J Hum Genet 89: 731-744.

20. Metspalu M, Romero IG, Yunusbayev B, Chaubey G, Mallick CB, Hudjashov G, Nelis M, Reedik M, Metspalu E, Remm M, Pitchappan R, Singh L, Thangaraj T, Villems R, Kivisild T. 2012. Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia. Am J Hum Genet 90: 378.

GPS ORIGINS™ AND GENETIC TESTING

It’s through the genes that every organism passes on characteristics to the next generation – from eye color and blood type to physical and mental abilities. With each generation, the genetic material that is passed on from one parent is mixed with the genetic material from the other parent – some is discarded, and some passed on. You may look more like your father’s family and have your mother’s artistic talent and hand shape.

Through time, genes acquire mutations – alterations that occur when genes are copied. These small changes are markers of a genetic event that took place at a particular time and place, and yet may be passed down through many generations, allowing us to identify relationships between your DNA and your ancestors who are remote in both history and geography – for whom there is no other recorded connection.

There are four types of DNA:

Y-DNA, which only occurs on the Y-chromosome, is passed down from father to son through the generations, and is only inherited by males.

X-DNA, which only occurs on the X-chromosome, is inherited by women from both parents, and by men only from the mother.

Mitochondrial DNA (also known as mitochondria or mtDNA) is passed down through the maternal line, and is inherited by sons and daughters, but only passed on by females. It is the least changeable type of DNA and is found outside the cell nucleus, not on a chromosome.

Autosomal DNA can be inherited from any of your hundreds of thousands of ancestors through the ages.

Inherited autosomal DNA can be passed down from any of your hundreds of thousands of ancestors through the ages. Autosomal DNA can be found in 22 chromosomes, providing 90% of your DNA. GPS Origins™ has examined nearly 730,000 of your autosomal markers and compared them with the distinctive mutations in the gene pools of the 500 reference populations to pinpoint the places and times where your DNA last changed.

These places represent your true ancestral roots!