4
To cut a long story short, let’s begin with the community’s K13 database:
Mycenean:
Spoiler!Code:Distance to: Greece_BA_Mycenaean 11.09089266 Jew_Italy 12.58823657 Italian_Calabria 12.77117066 Jew_Sephardi 13.33522403 Greek_Ikaria 13.43077809 Greek_Andros 13.74573752 Greek_Rhodes 13.80313370 Maltese 13.83204251 Greek_Deep_Mani 14.13842636 Greek_Kalymnos 14.31002446 Greek_Nisyros 14.35136927 Italian_Sicily 14.45389567 Greek_Symi 14.71669460 Italian_Campania 14.90227835 Greek_Dodecanese 14.91801931 Greek_Karpathos 14.95787752 Jew_Ashkenazi 15.06763087 Italian_Apulia 15.25464192 Greek_Chios 15.27562765 Greek_Tsakonia 15.41751926 Greek_Kythera 15.46761779 Greek_Kos 15.67146132 Italian_Molise 16.07262580 Greek_Cyprus 16.17418932 Greek_Crete 16.30398418 Italian_Abruzzo
Jews, Greeks islands and South Italians seem pretty close, not a single “mainland” type in the top 25, with the exception of Tsakonia and Deep Mani (endangered species of the Peloponnese).
Same story with Helladic_EBA:
Spoiler!Code:Distance to: Greece_Manika_Helladic_EBA 19.47616492 Jew_Italy 22.04608582 Jew_Sephardi 23.57222094 Jew_Ashkenazi 23.91034713 Greek_Andros 23.97507039 Italian_Calabria 24.59106748 Maltese 24.90149995 Greek_Deep_Mani 25.05905625 Italian_Sicily 25.08709628 Greek_Rhodes 25.09180942 Greek_Ikaria 25.10671822 Greek_Lefkada 25.40192512 Sardinian 25.47043188 Greek_Tsakonia 25.72141131 Italian_Campania 25.76209231 Greek_Symi 25.83348989 French_Corsica 25.83513886 Italian_Apulia 25.96375936 Italian_Molise 26.04136325 Greek_Kalymnos 26.11680493 Greek_Nisyros 26.14059295 Greek_Cyprus 26.32854345 Italian_Abruzzo 26.64211703 Greek_Kythera 26.73392975 Greek_Dodecanese 26.87042240 Greek_Karpathos
“B-b-b-ut mah Logkas Doric Greek and my northern Greek nativity!”
Spoiler!Code:Distance to: Greece_Logkas_MBA 4.89615155 Albanian_Kosovo 5.93014334 Italian_Romagna 6.09094410 Macedonian_Central 6.41718786 Torbesh 6.62554149 Italian_Emilia 6.65923419 Italian_Tuscany 6.94583328 Albanian_North_Albania 7.01688677 Albanian_Montenegro 7.06844396 Albanian_Macedonia 7.09947181 Albanian_South_Albania 7.14357754 Macedonian_East 7.15119570 Italian_Umbria 7.15253102 Greek_Laconia_Karitsa 7.18699520 Macedonian_South 7.31719208 Greek_Thessaly 7.60623429 Italian_Liguria 7.65052939 Italian_Marche 7.75949741 Italian_Lazio 7.78777247 Albanian_Catholic_Mirdite 8.04773260 Albanian_Central_Albania 8.11820177 Bulgarian_Moldova 8.17136464 Aromanian 8.25806878 Greek_Florina 8.25960653 Greek_Euboea_South 8.27143277 Italian_Veneto
Well, how about that, it looks like Albanians and North Macedonians, and even the Torbesh (!), can claim better nativity to Bronze Age Northern Greece than the “Greek mainland” types. If Doric Greeks end up plotting like that, then it's no brainer that both Albanians and North Macedonians have a better claim to ancient Macedonians (essentially a Doric group) than modern "mainland" Greek types do! At least, on an autosomals similarity level (not commenting on haplos, obviously).
“B-b-b-ut mah Lazaridis’ paper, K13 don’t count! Hurr … dur …”
Here’s where it gets interesting, folks.
Please, do keep notes, you can thank me later.
Here, you can find all Reich labs samples published (and some un-published), you can d/l the 1240+HO file and open it with a text editor.
You can then proceed to confirm that all modern Greek samples that were used to show similarity to Myceneans are either from Athens, Thessaloniki, or from Crete. The two biggest (and most-mixed) urban centres, plus the island that already shows similarity on the PCA.
Out of curiosity, I ran a simple neolithic model for a Thessaloniki sample, and what do you know? The sample comes close to the results of an island type (around 8% Steppe and 21.1% Iran_Ganj Dareh(!!!)). Obviously, a mixed individual that was picked based on their projected proximity to the Islands and thus to the Mycenean target for his paper?
Spoiler!Code:qpAdm: parameter file: parqpadm.txt ### THE INPUT PARAMETERS ##PARAMETER NAME: VALUE fstatsname: fstatsa.txt popleft: left.txt popright: right.txt details: YES ## qpAdm version: 1520 seed: 2127675239 *** recommended that inbreed be explicitly set *** inbreed set NO left pops: Greek_2.DG Turkey_N_published Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Iran_GanjDareh_N Georgia_Kotias.SG right pops: Mbuti.DG Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG China_Tianyuan Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Russia_Sunghir3.SG Russia_Kostenki14.SG Russia_MA1_HG.SG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG Papuan.DG Switzerland_Bichon.SG Israel_Natufian_published Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic ONG.SG codimension 1 f4info: f4rank: 3 dof: 10 chisq: 10.349 tail: 0.410427911 dofdiff: 12 chisqdiff: -10.349 taildiff: 1 B: scale 1.000 1.000 1.000 Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG 0.130 0.484 -0.093 China_Tianyuan 0.229 0.553 -0.547 Goyet_Neanderthal.SG -0.022 0.161 0.059 Russia_Sunghir3.SG -0.052 1.134 0.695 Russia_Kostenki14.SG -0.104 0.946 0.361 Russia_MA1_HG.SG 1.087 1.647 -1.501 Georgia_Satsurblia.SG 2.419 -0.570 1.954 Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG 0.587 0.501 -0.292 Papuan.DG 0.256 0.398 -0.479 Switzerland_Bichon.SG -0.183 2.015 0.665 Israel_Natufian_published -1.886 0.957 2.099 Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 1.324 1.273 -0.840 ONG.SG 0.357 0.461 -0.372 A: scale 528.910 607.687 1074.061 Turkey_N_published -0.533 0.335 0.396 Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya 0.866 1.468 -0.823 Iran_GanjDareh_N 0.190 -1.215 -1.401 Georgia_Kotias.SG 1.712 -0.507 1.097 full rank f4info: f4rank: 4 dof: 0 chisq: 0.000 tail: 1 dofdiff: 10 chisqdiff: 10.349 taildiff: 0.410427911 B: scale 775.884 322.447 399.503 305.841 Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG -0.263 0.329 -0.528 -0.162 China_Tianyuan -0.052 0.690 -0.117 -0.033 Goyet_Neanderthal.SG 0.225 0.149 -0.086 0.015 Russia_Sunghir3.SG 0.483 0.608 -1.383 -0.224 Russia_Kostenki14.SG 0.924 0.741 -0.782 -0.114 Russia_MA1_HG.SG -0.851 2.136 -0.550 0.082 Georgia_Satsurblia.SG -1.769 0.307 -0.312 3.110 Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG -0.407 0.736 -0.238 0.323 Papuan.DG -0.583 0.416 -0.263 -0.152 Switzerland_Bichon.SG 1.060 1.290 -2.056 -0.531 Israel_Natufian_published 2.284 -0.841 -2.251 -1.531 Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -0.836 1.874 -0.452 0.686 ONG.SG -0.625 0.472 -0.389 -0.069 A: scale 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 Turkey_N_published 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 Iran_GanjDareh_N 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 Georgia_Kotias.SG 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 best coefficients: 0.589 0.082 0.211 0.118 totmean: 0.589 0.082 0.211 0.118 boot mean: 0.588 0.081 0.212 0.118 std. errors: 0.043 0.043 0.060 0.041 error covariance (* 1,000,000) 1849 -801 -1427 379 -801 1877 -592 -484 -1427 -592 3630 -1611 379 -484 -1611 1717 summ: Greek_2.DG 4 0.410428 0.588 0.081 0.212 0.118 1849 -801 -1427 379 1877 ... -592 -484 3630 -1611 1717 fixed pat wt dof chisq tail prob 0000 0 10 10.349 0.410428 0.589 0.082 0.211 0.118 0001 1 11 18.984 0.0613823 0.560 0.117 0.324 0.000 0010 1 11 22.783 0.0189629 0.670 0.117 0.000 0.214 0100 1 11 14.909 0.186693 0.618 0.000 0.247 0.135 1000 1 11 163.756 2.26733e-29 0.000 0.286 0.847 -0.133 infeasible 0011 2 12 66.272 1.58507e-09 0.731 0.269 0.000 0.000 0101 2 12 26.409 0.00939047 0.610 0.000 0.390 0.000 0110 2 12 30.876 0.0020579 0.733 0.000 0.000 0.267 1001 2 12 169.458 6.16227e-30 0.000 0.264 0.736 0.000 1010 2 12 303.898 0 0.000 0.521 0.000 0.479 1100 2 12 194.950 0 0.000 0.000 1.105 -0.105 infeasible 0111 3 13 115.911 1.28978e-18 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1011 3 13 383.061 0 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 1101 3 13 198.053 0 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1110 3 13 336.139 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 best pat: 0000 0.410428 - - best pat: 0100 0.186693 chi(nested): 4.560 p-value for nested model: 0.0327233 best pat: 0101 0.00939047 chi(nested): 11.500 p-value for nested model: 0.000696052 best pat: 0111 1.28978e-18 chi(nested): 89.502 p-value for nested model: 3.06317e-21 coeffs: 0.589 0.082 0.211 0.118 ## dscore:: f_4(Base, Fit, Rbase, right2) ## genstat:: f_4(Base, Fit, right1, right2) details: Turkey_N_published Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG -0.000340 -0.788055 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG 0.001021 2.202299 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG -0.001322 -2.714466 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG -0.000531 -0.921993 dscore: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG f4: -0.000459 Z: -1.119423 details: Turkey_N_published China_Tianyuan -0.000068 -0.145975 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya China_Tianyuan 0.002141 4.447657 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N China_Tianyuan -0.000293 -0.583381 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG China_Tianyuan -0.000108 -0.169980 dscore: China_Tianyuan f4: 0.000060 Z: 0.138993 details: Turkey_N_published Goyet_Neanderthal.SG 0.000290 0.898412 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Goyet_Neanderthal.SG 0.000462 1.431364 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Goyet_Neanderthal.SG -0.000215 -0.587247 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Goyet_Neanderthal.SG 0.000050 0.120553 dscore: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG f4: 0.000169 Z: 0.568312 details: Turkey_N_published Russia_Sunghir3.SG 0.000622 1.256217 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Russia_Sunghir3.SG 0.001886 3.719482 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Russia_Sunghir3.SG -0.003462 -6.662542 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Russia_Sunghir3.SG -0.000731 -1.142808 dscore: Russia_Sunghir3.SG f4: -0.000298 Z: -0.651386 details: Turkey_N_published Russia_Kostenki14.SG 0.001190 2.629576 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Russia_Kostenki14.SG 0.002298 4.694773 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Russia_Kostenki14.SG -0.001958 -3.833078 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Russia_Kostenki14.SG -0.000373 -0.577712 dscore: Russia_Kostenki14.SG f4: 0.000430 Z: 1.003181 details: Turkey_N_published Russia_MA1_HG.SG -0.001097 -2.198591 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Russia_MA1_HG.SG 0.006623 12.473419 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Russia_MA1_HG.SG -0.001377 -2.480566 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Russia_MA1_HG.SG 0.000267 0.385626 dscore: Russia_MA1_HG.SG f4: -0.000364 Z: -0.774729 details: Turkey_N_published Georgia_Satsurblia.SG -0.002281 -4.625870 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Georgia_Satsurblia.SG 0.000952 1.819768 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Georgia_Satsurblia.SG -0.000782 -1.458431 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG 0.010170 13.827689 dscore: Georgia_Satsurblia.SG f4: -0.000225 Z: -0.490340 details: Turkey_N_published Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG -0.000524 -1.283623 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG 0.002284 5.437824 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG -0.000595 -1.319480 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG 0.001055 1.999023 dscore: Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG f4: -0.000123 Z: -0.321650 details: Turkey_N_published Papuan.DG -0.000752 -1.997415 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Papuan.DG 0.001289 3.273648 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Papuan.DG -0.000660 -1.593813 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Papuan.DG -0.000498 -0.994063 dscore: Papuan.DG f4: -0.000536 Z: -1.502394 details: Turkey_N_published Switzerland_Bichon.SG 0.001367 2.769527 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Switzerland_Bichon.SG 0.004000 7.686398 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Switzerland_Bichon.SG -0.005146 -9.689410 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Switzerland_Bichon.SG -0.001738 -2.604670 dscore: Switzerland_Bichon.SG f4: -0.000163 Z: -0.353028 details: Turkey_N_published Israel_Natufian_published 0.002944 5.690066 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Israel_Natufian_published -0.002607 -4.833593 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Israel_Natufian_published -0.005634 -9.983353 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Israel_Natufian_published -0.005005 -7.123963 dscore: Israel_Natufian_published f4: -0.000264 Z: -0.558246 details: Turkey_N_published Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -0.001077 -3.001385 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.005811 14.747006 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -0.001132 -2.854960 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.002243 4.294472 dscore: Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic f4: -0.000133 Z: -0.392831 details: Turkey_N_published ONG.SG -0.000806 -2.232770 details: Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya ONG.SG 0.001463 3.796444 details: Iran_GanjDareh_N ONG.SG -0.000973 -2.383650 details: Georgia_Kotias.SG ONG.SG -0.000227 -0.465866 dscore: ONG.SG f4: -0.000587 Z: -1.727427 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG -1.119 gendstat: Mbuti.DG China_Tianyuan 0.139 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Goyet_Neanderthal.SG 0.568 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Russia_Sunghir3.SG -0.651 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Russia_Kostenki14.SG 1.003 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Russia_MA1_HG.SG -0.775 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG -0.490 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG -0.322 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Papuan.DG -1.502 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Switzerland_Bichon.SG -0.353 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Israel_Natufian_published -0.558 gendstat: Mbuti.DG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -0.393 gendstat: Mbuti.DG ONG.SG -1.727 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG China_Tianyuan 1.089 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Goyet_Neanderthal.SG 1.267 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Russia_Sunghir3.SG 0.313 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Russia_Kostenki14.SG 1.819 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Russia_MA1_HG.SG 0.182 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG 0.460 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG 0.772 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Papuan.DG -0.183 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Switzerland_Bichon.SG 0.574 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Israel_Natufian_published 0.343 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.767 gendstat: Russia_Ust_Ishim.DG ONG.SG -0.303 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Goyet_Neanderthal.SG 0.213 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Russia_Sunghir3.SG -0.689 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Russia_Kostenki14.SG 0.700 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Russia_MA1_HG.SG -0.763 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Georgia_Satsurblia.SG -0.527 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG -0.423 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Papuan.DG -1.393 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Switzerland_Bichon.SG -0.419 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Israel_Natufian_published -0.573 gendstat: China_Tianyuan Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -0.442 gendstat: China_Tianyuan ONG.SG -1.543 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Russia_Sunghir3.SG -0.882 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Russia_Kostenki14.SG 0.525 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Russia_MA1_HG.SG -0.980 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG -0.741 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG -0.626 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Papuan.DG -1.601 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Switzerland_Bichon.SG -0.618 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Israel_Natufian_published -0.809 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -0.696 gendstat: Goyet_Neanderthal.SG ONG.SG -1.736 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Russia_Kostenki14.SG 1.456 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Russia_MA1_HG.SG -0.126 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG 0.135 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG 0.366 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Papuan.DG -0.529 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Switzerland_Bichon.SG 0.263 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Israel_Natufian_published 0.059 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.368 gendstat: Russia_Sunghir3.SG ONG.SG -0.611 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG Russia_MA1_HG.SG -1.487 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG -1.211 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG -1.168 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG Papuan.DG -2.149 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG Switzerland_Bichon.SG -1.161 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG Israel_Natufian_published -1.262 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -1.287 gendstat: Russia_Kostenki14.SG ONG.SG -2.274 gendstat: Russia_MA1_HG.SG Georgia_Satsurblia.SG 0.247 gendstat: Russia_MA1_HG.SG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG 0.477 gendstat: Russia_MA1_HG.SG Papuan.DG -0.360 gendstat: Russia_MA1_HG.SG Switzerland_Bichon.SG 0.373 gendstat: Russia_MA1_HG.SG Israel_Natufian_published 0.167 gendstat: Russia_MA1_HG.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.538 gendstat: Russia_MA1_HG.SG ONG.SG -0.467 gendstat: Georgia_Satsurblia.SG Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG 0.214 gendstat: Georgia_Satsurblia.SG Papuan.DG -0.640 gendstat: Georgia_Satsurblia.SG Switzerland_Bichon.SG 0.112 gendstat: Georgia_Satsurblia.SG Israel_Natufian_published -0.067 gendstat: Georgia_Satsurblia.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.212 gendstat: Georgia_Satsurblia.SG ONG.SG -0.763 gendstat: Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG Papuan.DG -1.122 gendstat: Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG Switzerland_Bichon.SG -0.081 gendstat: Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG Israel_Natufian_published -0.259 gendstat: Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic -0.027 gendstat: Russia_DevilsCave_N.SG ONG.SG -1.318 gendstat: Papuan.DG Switzerland_Bichon.SG 0.791 gendstat: Papuan.DG Israel_Natufian_published 0.545 gendstat: Papuan.DG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 1.140 gendstat: Papuan.DG ONG.SG -0.156 gendstat: Switzerland_Bichon.SG Israel_Natufian_published -0.176 gendstat: Switzerland_Bichon.SG Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.072 gendstat: Switzerland_Bichon.SG ONG.SG -0.886 gendstat: Israel_Natufian_published Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic 0.266 gendstat: Israel_Natufian_published ONG.SG -0.601 gendstat: Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic ONG.SG -1.229 ##end of qpAdm: 21.518 seconds cpu 1.487 Mbytes in use
Sneaky, imo, but who knows, maybe Lazaridis panicked after checking some "true native mainland" types and found abysmally low correlation?
Maybe I am wrong, and someone can cross-reference it and correct it (multiple set of eyes better than one), but somehow I don't think I am.
To be continued in the ethnography section ....
All comments and input welcome and appreciated!
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