Ethnogenesis of the Kurds.

[Guti]

Modern-day Kurds are descendants of the ancient Northwestern Iranic peoples, also known as the Guto-Medes or simply ARYANS. We have got the DNA of those ARYAN Iron Age Guto-Medes, and modern DNA of the Kurds is almost identical to them.
So, Kurds are the direct descedants of the ARYANS (Northwestern Iranic Guto-Medes) and Kurdish DNA didn't change much since at least 1000 BCE or 3000 years ago. Northwestern Iranic Guto-Medes were ancestors of not only the Kurds, but also other Northwestern Iranic people such as Talysh.


This is F38 Hasanlu Dodecad K12b DNA (Gedmatch kit number = M381564), 971 - 832 BC. .Look at the top 5 of the 'Single Population Sharing'. They were 100% Gutians/Medes/proto-Kurds.





On the academic PCA maps Kurds are plotted somewhere between the Late Maykop and Armenia_MLBA cultures. Armenia_MLBA was contemporary to Trialeti culture.
It means that Iron Age Guto-Medes were a product of the archaic Iran_ChL people of Kurdistan and Armenia_MLBA (Trialeti) people.


Here are the Irn_ChL I1662 Seh Gabi (Gedmatch kit number = M902476) results, 4831 - 4612 BC. :


Armenia_MLBA/Trialeti. This is the DNA from an early stage of the Trialeti Complex dated as 1906-1698 BCE. RISE413 (GEDmatch number M487536) was T2c1f and R1b-M343>L389>P297




Both, Iron Age Guto-Medes and Trialeti people were Y-DNA hg. R1b similar to the Yamnaya lineages

Kurds = Iron Age Guto-Medes + some Southcentral Asian Parthian ancestry
Iron Age Guto-Medes = Iran_ChL + Armenia_MLBA/Trialeti

[Guti]

This is a location where this ARYAN Iron Age proto-Kurdic samples were found. Most likely this is the URHEIMAT of the Kurdic/Northwestern Iranic aka ARYAN race.




Guto-Median, pure ARYAN, Farhavur symbol. Very unique (different from Persian) because it has not 2 but 4 wings. Dated to between the late 7th to early 6th century BCE Median style Farohar found at Cyaxares tomb, Sulaymanieh (around Qyzqapan), Kurdistan. http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zor...asia/index.htm

[Guti]

On the academic PCA maps Kurds are plotted somewhere between the Late Maykop and Armenia_MLBA cultures. Armenia_MLBA was contemporary to Trialeti culture.
It means that Iron Age Guto-Medes were a product of the archaic Iran_ChL people of Kurdistan and Armenia_MLBA (Trialeti) people.

This is where Kurds plot on the academic Krause/Haak/Reich PCA map. Very close (overlapping with) to CHG/Iran_ChL, Armenia_MLBA etc.


https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08220-8

[Guti]

When you compare the modern Northwestern Iranic DNA (of the Kurds, Gilakis, Talysh), with the ancient Indo-European DNA from the Caucasus of people like Late Maykop and the Trialeti Y-DNA hg. R1b, then the only conclusion you can make is that the proto-Northern West Iranic people (Guto-Medes) had the same Y-DNA haplogroups as the modern day Northwestern Iranic (aka ARYAN) people.

[kaldehimyu]

When you compare the modern Northwestern Iranic DNA (of the Kurds, Gilakis, Talysh), with the ancient Indo-European DNA from the Caucasus of people like Late Maykop and the Trialeti Y-DNA hg. R1b, then the only conclusion you can make is that the proto-Northern West Iranic people (Guto-Medes) had the same Y-DNA haplogroups as the modern day Northwestern Iranic (aka ARYAN) people.

Kurds, husbands of all Europeans

[Guti]

Kurds, husbands of all Europeans

Also mothers. https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articl...35-021-00246-2


Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup study: residents of Sulaymaniyah city in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region may be genetically closer to European lineage

Results

In this study, 36 randomly selected healthy unrelated Kurdish subjects were enrolled. Whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing was performed. HaploGrep 2.0 and neutrality test (Tajima’s D) were employed for haplogroup identification and historical demography determination. When the outcomes were compared with previous studies in Kurds and the neighbouring nations, the identified haplogroups in the sample of study were members of the Western Eurasian haplogroups with a predominance of haplogroup H.

Conclusions

The whole mitochondrial DNA sequence is superior to the traditional analysis of the non-coding (control) region. Our study indicates a stronger relation of the studied group to the European lineage than to their neighbouring nations.

[Guti]

You can see a Mesopotamian eagle with a human head next to it (like a double-headed eagle) on this Iron Age Guto-Median Hasanlu 'Gold Bowl' with the spoke wheels horse chariots and maybe even a swastika on the haunch of the lion. It is claimed to be a swastika: https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedi...-hasanlu-bowl/

[Guti]

Aryan Guto-Medes = Kurdistan_IA = Iran_ChL + Armenia_MLBA (Trialeti)

about Trialeti








Some information about the superior metallurgy from the Northern West Asia. Northern West Asia was SUPERIOR to the Steppes because Aryan people from Northern West Asia were much more advanced and inventive than the very primitive cultures in the Steppes. Aryans from Northern West Asia have always been few steps ahead of the Steppe cultures, in everything.
The Trialeti people were pioneers in arsenic-antimony bronze. They were magnificent!




Early production of socketed spearhead cast as one piece of Caucasian arsenic bronze was pioneered by the Trialeti people. Later on this technique was copied by the Mycenaeans and even by the primitive cultures/people in the steppes such as in Fatyanova and Sintashta horizon.

Carpelan, C., Parpola, A., & Koskikallio, P. (Eds.). (2001). Early Contacts Between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations: Papers Presented at an International Symposium Held at the Tvärminne Research Station of the University of Helsinki, 8-10 January, 1999 (Vol. 242). Suomalais-ugrilainen seura.



Advanced metallurgy (for their time) is one of the main reasons why Aryans from Northern West Asia (Trialeti, Gutians etc.) were much superior to the primitive Uralic cultures such as in Sintashta Horizon. The Trialeti culture of Transcaucasus is considered to be a zone of early innovation towards socketed spearheads.
Aryans (proto-Kurds) from Transcaucasus were superior to the very primitive Uralic people who lived between Fatyanova and Sintashta horizon.



Spearheads with split sockets from the Trialeti culture (phase III) of Transcaucasus, c. 2000-1750 B.C. Notice number 1 and 2 with base collars from gold and silver.


http://www.warriorbronze.com/Bronze%...pear%20II.html

[Guti]

Links between Armenia_MLBA TRIALETI culture and Iron Age Guto-Median Hasanlu culture. What I am trying to is say is that the 'Urmia Ware' was more related to the Caucasus/Trialeti Horizon than to other regions in Northern West Asia.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/....1986.11834319

Fragmented successors of the Trialeti around 1700-1450 BC: Sevan-Uzerlik, Kamirberd, & Kizylvank. As you can see the Iron Age Hasanlu Aryans (Gutians/proto-Medes) fall under the post-Trialeti Sevan-Uzerlik Horizon. I wrote already in post #57 earlier something about this 'Urmia ware'.

[Guti]

Conclusion: Kurds are seen by the academics as Northwestern Iranic aka ARYAN peoples and are the most native people to Kurdistan. Kurds and other Northwestern Iranic people are direct descendants of the Iron Age Guto-Medes. Modern-day Kurdish DNA is practically unchanged since the last 3000 years.

Iron Age Aryan Guto-Medes (proto-Kurds) are in turn mostly a product of Iran_ChL and Trialeti (Armenia_MLBA) people.

There is also some Y-DNA hg. R1a-Z94 in Kurdistan. Y-DNA hg. R1a-Z94 was not native to Kurdistan and was most likely brought by the Parthians and Scythians.


URHEIMAT of the Kurdic 'Northwestern Iranic' (aka ARYAN) race and Kurdic ARYAN language.