Ethnogenesis of the Kurds.

[Guti]

Aryan Aratta, the seven-gated city! Aratta is a 'mythical' mountain region mentioned in several Sumerian texts. Is Godin Tepe linked to Aratta and the biblical mountains of Ararat? http://www.bjcorbin.com/is-godin-tepe-aratta.html

Looking for other research that corroborates Godin Tepe or the surrounding area as Aratta, I found the 1973 Ph.D. dissertation of Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta by Sol Cohen, who determined the area near Hamadan - Nahavand - Kermanshah - Sanandaj to be the most likely location for Aratta. I consider Aratta a smaller region centered around Godin Tepe.

The book On the High Road by Hilary Gopnik and Mitchell S. Rothman, provides a detailed report of excavations of Godin Tepe by T. Cuyler Young, Jr. between 1965 to 1973. Godin Tepe is one of the largest mounds in the region, and provides the longest continual sequences of occupation of any site in western Iran and contains the following: moulds used to produce metal, lapis lazuli, early evidence for beer and wine production, and lots of goats (caprines).


http://www.bjcorbin.com/aratta.html


Godin Tepe photo from excavation (1965-1973) led by T. Cuyler Young, Jr., sponsored by the Royal Ontario Museum


Credit Google Earth for background image used for “seven mountains” route over the Zagros 'Zubi' Mountains

Location of the mythical and legendary Aratta

Aratta proposed by Sol Cohen




Location of the Hasanlu Guto-Medes.

[Guti]

Prometheus, Hephaistos and Mount Elbrus:

"…As the evil spirit rushed in, the earth shook, and the substance of mountains was created in the earth. First, Mount Alburz arose; afterwards, the other ranges of mountains of the middle of the earth; for as Alburz grew forth all the mountains remained in motion, for they have all grown forth from the root of Alburz…" Bundahishin, Chapter 8.

Mount Elbrus (Alburz) is the massive volcanic peak towering over the western Caucasus range to the north of Colchis. In Greek myth, this was the place where Zeus chained Prometheus to have his liver daily torn out. For the Persians, it was the mythical mountain from which all others grew in the creation of the earth. The forge of Hephaistos (where Prometheus learned the secrets of fire) was believed to be either here or in Etna by the Greeks. Again we can see the convergence of aspects of Greek and Indo-Iranian mythology in the 'Indo-European' corridor: The nidus of metalworking, smith-gods, creative fire and mountain kings is a mytheme which extended from India to Iron Age Ireland, and continued in the myths of the Scandinavians until they christianised in the middle ages of the 'Common Era'. Add to this the importance in Indo-European mythology to the birth of fresh water on mountain peaks and its downhill progress to the ocean, and the importance of Colchis and the Caucasus to the Greeks becomes clearer. 'Olympus' and the Omphalos of 'Delphi' seem like mere Pelasgian transfers of an older Caucasian creation myth, which the Argonautic mythology maintained a distinct connection to…

The Argonautica's story-tradition illustrates that the Greeks considered the 'Caucasian' peoples of this region as relatives of the Iranian tribe of the Medes. 'Medea', daughter of Aeëtes is portrayed as an ancestress of the West-Iranian Medes, a fact her 'magical' inclinations seem an attempt to reinforce. Aeetes' parents were portrayed in myths (i.e – Odyssey) as the deified sun, Helios, and the Okeanid nymph, Perseis. His brother was Perses, and they were both portrayed as wizard-kings.

https://atlanticreligion.com/tag/medes/


Location of Elbruz




The ARYAN Medes gave the current name to Mount Elbrus

The Etymology of the name 'Elbrus'

The name Elbrus /ˈɛlbrəs/ seems to have a connection with Alborz (also called Elburz), which is also the name of a long mountain range in northern Iran, but the two should not be confused. The name is derived from Avestan Harā Bərəzaitī, a legendary mountain in Iranian mythology. Harā Bərəzaitī reflects Proto-Iranian *Harā Bṛzatī, which was reformed into Middle Persian as Harborz, and into Modern Persian as Alborz. Bṛzatī is the feminine form of the adjective *bṛzant ("high"), the reconstructed ancestor of Modern Ossetian bærzond ("high", "peak"), Modern Persian barz ("high"), berāzande ("elegant"), and boland ("high", "tall"),[7] and Modern Kurdish barz/berz ("high"). Harā may be interpreted as "watch" or "guard", from Indo-European *ser ("protect").

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara_Berezaiti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_...lborziranica-7

[Guti]

The ARYAN Medes gave the current name to Mount Elbrus

Northern Aryana's Frontiers

Archaeological findings in South Caucasia/Transcaucasia dating to 1500 BCE indicate Aryan (Iranian) influence in Transcaucasia even before the rise of the Aryan Medes as a dominant regional power during say, the 8th century BCE. Media (Mada) and Persia (Parsa) were sister Aryan nations and neighbours, Media to the northwest of the Iranian plateau and Persia to the southeast. We call the collection of old Aryan nations, Aryana. Aryana was known as Airyana Dakhyunam in the Zoroastrian scriptures, the Avesta.

After the rise of the Medes as the dominant Aryan and regional nation, say 2,700 years ago, Southern Caucasia/Transcaucasia was largely governed by the dominant Aryan nation of the time: After the Medes, it was the Achaemenid Persians (c.550-330 BCE), then after a gap the Parthians (c.250 BCE to c.225 CE), followed by the Sasanid Persians (c.225 to 649 CE). [There was fluidity in the line of control Aryan control in Transcaucasia depending on the strength of the central Aryan government and because of invasions by other nations.] The history and political divisions we discuss in the page end with the defeat of the Zoroastrian Sasanids by the Arabs in the mid-seventh century CE.

Roughly speaking, from the time the Medes rose to regional dominance to the fall of the Sasanids - for nearly a thousand years - the Greater Caucasus Mountains formed a northern border of the Greater Aryan Empire (Aryan countries plus regional countries historically under Aryan influence), but not necessarily Aryana itself (see below). Today, a more precise border along the highest elevations in the Greater Caucasus Mountains separates Russia in the north from the Transcaucasian nations of Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south.

There is one notable difference in where the Aryan Empire's Caucasian border would have run then as it does today. In eastern Caucasia, the city of Derbent / Darband and its environs are part of Russia today. Then, it was part of the Aryan Empire. The eastern Caucasian border near the Caspian Sea would have skirted the habitable regions of Greater Caucasus' southern slopes turning north-eastward and running just past where Darband/Derbent is today. Darband/Derbent was home to a substantial Aryan (Iranian) border fortification, and its name - 'door closed' - implies that the narrow piece of land between the mountains and the higher Caspian coast, was closed to hostile incursions from the north.


Caucasia, Race & Racism

In the nineteenth century CE, some Western authors associated the southern Caucasus/Azerbaijan region with the birth land of Zarathushtra and therefore with the Aryan homeland, Airyana Vaeja. Cloaked with the authority of scholarship, they speculated freely. Their speculations led to the racialization of the Aryans and the unfortunate construct of the racial group "Caucasians" - an identifier used by white Europeans to describe themselves to this day.

http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zor...asia/index.htm

[Guti]

Links between Armenia_MLBA TRIALETI culture and Iron Age Guto-Median Hasanlu culture. What I am trying to is say is that the 'Urmia Ware' was more related to the Caucasus/Trialeti Horizon than to other regions in Northern West Asia.

Kurgan construction, rites, and culture during Late Chalcolithic and Iron Age Northwest Iran

Recent archaeological studies have revealed various kurgan sites in NW Iran. These burials are attributed to the Indo-European speaking people, whose arrival corresponds with major changes in the local material culture dating to the Chalcolithic to Iron Age. Apart from their prominent structures, recent archaeological excavations yielded remarkable material as well as burial traditions/rites associated with these kurgans. These new data have brought to light much information about the diversity of kurgan traditions in NW Iran, while there is no comprehensive study about the different kurgan structures in this region.

Geographical Distribution of Kurgan Necropolises in Iran

- Araxes River basin
- Ardabil province
- Ahar-Verzeghan and Tabriz plateau
- Southern Urmia Lake basin



The first group is composed of kurgans with circular revetments around their graves and with their grave bordered by a stone pile. The builders of these kurgans first established a circular ring around the grave, sometimes marked with a sloping ring of rubble stone, in one to three courses of stones of varying sizes built around the outer perimeter of the kurgan (fig. 1). At the center of this circle there is a small and low pile of rubble set in clay in two to three courses height (Muscarella, 1971: 23).

Kurgans of this type are characteristic of the Late Chalcolithic periods in Iran, Georgia, and Armenia, and are associated with the Maikop culture regarding the structure of kurgan itself as well as the axes heads discovered in them. Although so far only one necropolis of this type has been excavated in Sé Girdan in Iran, its specific structural characteristics led me to place it in a specific group. Sé Girdan is the southernmost region where kurgans have been reported.

https://archeorient.hypotheses.org/15823

Se Girdan kurgans are located on the south shore of Lake Urmia. Some of them were excavated in 1968 and 1970 by O. Muscarella. They have now been redated to the second half of the 4th millennium, although originally they were thought to be much younger.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Urmia

[Guti]

This is a location where this ARYAN Iron Age proto-Kurdic samples were found. Most likely this is the URHEIMAT of the Kurdic/Northwestern Iranic aka ARYAN race.

This area (Eastern Kurdistan) has to be the birthplace of the ARYANS. According to late Sumerians, the proto-Ubaidians came from this area, from a mythical place called Aratta. Also by the same late Sumerians the Noah's Ark story did also take place in that region, on Mt. Nisir as the resting place of the ship built by Utnapishtim.

It was also from this place where (Steppe) Maykop got it Upper Mesopotamian gene flow from. As you can see above Kurgans have been found in this area similar to the Kurgans in the Maykop Horizon to the north of the Caucasus that in turn became later ancestral to Yamnaya.


Later on there was some back migration from the Caucasus/Trialeti into Eastern Kurdistan and it became a homeland of the Gutians who later were known as Guto-Medes. According to the ancient sources such as from a Babylonian historian Berossus and even Persian Shahs, Gutians were ancestors of the Medes.

The true Medes of the Iron_Age were a mixture between: Iran_ChL + Caucasus/Armenia_EMBA people.
The Medes (Iron Age Hasanlu people) were the first true original Aryans and the southern shores of the Lake Urmia are proto-Aryan (proto-Median) and the birthplace of the ARYAN/proto-Kurdic race.

[Guti]

I hate to admit it but it seems they found SouthCentral Asian auDNA among one of the fellas near Hasanlu site. DinkhaTepe is 25km from the Hasanlu site. I am not sure how true that is. I am not 100% certain and I do still have my doubts. But the rest of the Hasanlu people had a CHG genetic profile.

If it is true what they are saying then it looks like that the Iranic speaking ancestors of the Kurds are from Yaz/BMAC, almost 75% a done deal. But it still can be some of the Eastern Iranic individual immigrants or traders. Because they found Western Iranic artefacts from Northwestern Asia in SouthCentral Asia. Could be the Median ancestors of the Parthians. There was also 100% a migration from Media (Kurdistan) into SouthCentral Asia around 1000 BCE.


But if it true that Western Iranics came from the east then Kurds are mostly a product of the native Hurrian population (or PIEans) and the incoming Iranic people from Yaz/BMAC. Racially speaking the Eastern Iranic people are ethnic brothers of the Western Iranics (Kurds, Talysh etc. included).






https://twitter.com/nezih_seven/stat...10513320529921
https://twitter.com/agenetics1/statu...02782483894273

https://a-genetics.blogspot.com/2022...hern-arc-.html

[Guti]

Damn, BMAC/Yaz Iranic migration into Kurdistan is not very convincing to me. It looks more that it went the opposite direction, since BMAC is mostly composed of the Northwestern Asian CHG/Iran_ChL.

It is possible that proto-Iranic found BMAC and came back into Kurdistan as Western Iranic.


I am confused BIG time right now.

[chinshen]

Damn, BMAC/Yaz Iranic migration into Kurdistan is not very convincing to me. It looks more that it went the opposite direction, since BMAC is mostly composed of the Northwestern Asian CHG/Iran_ChL.

It is possible that proto-Iranic found BMAC and came back into Kurdistan as Western Iranic.


I am confused BIG time right now.

Be in peace with yourself, stop trying to fool everybody and admit the truth that your ancestor came from India

[Guti]

Be in peace with yourself, stop trying to fool everybody and admit the truth that your ancestor came from India

BMAC/Yaz is not located in India but in Northeastern Iran/Khorasan. It has nothing to do with the Indian subcontinent.


PS: it doesn't change anything for the Kurds, cause Kurds are still CHG/Iran_ChL and native to their homeland related to the ancient Ubaid Sumerians.

[chinshen]

BMAC/Yaz is not located in India but in Northeastern Iran/Khorasan. It has nothing to do with the Indian subcontinent.


PS: it doesn't change anything for the Kurds, cause Kurds are still CHG/Iran_ChL and native to their homeland related to the ancient Ubaid Sumerians.

You have got nothing to do with Sumerians, stop being a fool. You have assimilated some native Mesopotamian by force and stolen their land, but that doesn't make you the inheritor of their legacy. There are other groups who have much more legitimate claim than you do.