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Thread: Mental health: Genetics service to help patients and families

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    Default Mental health: Genetics service to help patients and families

    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-61853144


    Marc Flagg - before his diagnosis - struggled with various aspects of life, without knowing why

    People in Wales affected by mental health issues will be able to benefit from a new genetics service.

    Individuals with certain genetic alterations have a much greater risk of developing serious conditions such as schizophrenia, according to research.

    The new NHS Wales service, the first of its kind in the UK, offers patients and families access to counselling and, where appropriate, genetic testing.

    It is hoped this will lead to better care and treatments.

    A greater understanding of how small changes in the DNA can influence a person's susceptibility to mental ill-health is another aim of the service.

    About 30,000 people in Wales, or one in 100, are affected by severe mental illnesses.

    A person's experiences and environment have the greatest influence but in a small number of cases alterations in someone's DNA can also play a part, specialists believe.


    Counselling and other forms of therapy will be offered to patients and families

    Marc Flagg's mental health was affected by questions about his own situation.

    The lecturer from Cardiff couldn't understand why throughout his life he felt different, saying: "It's kind of 'outside of' and you don't feel you're part of the social networks or structure of society."

    Despite doing well in his O-levels at 16, the prospect of going to university frightened him and he failed his A-levels without "giving them any attention".

    "I kind of half wanted to fail them, so I wouldn't have to go to university," he added.

    It was years later when his son was given a diagnosis of autism that he started thinking about himself and professionals suggested he could also have a potential diagnosis.

    'Very cathartic experience'

    Autism isn't considered a mental health condition, but understanding more about his own situation helped him immeasurably.

    "I very rarely get upset and show emotion but I must say I was very upset and cried. It was a very cathartic experience.

    "I remember having the diagnosis and going outside, saying 'thank you very much' to the professor and I went outside and I just burst into tears.

    "My wife was with me and I just felt a relief and a sense that I could give myself permission to say that I'm not to blame for a lot of the troubles I've had in terms of my feeling of being outside and loss."

    Marc's mental health support has improved considerably and he now receives the support he needs.


    Dr Annie Procter, a consultant clinical geneticist, leads the new service

    Consultant clinical geneticist Dr Annie Procter, the clinical lead for the new All-Wales Psychiatric Genomics Service, said: "There is no doubt a person's experience of life in general has the greatest impact on their mental well-being... but we have known for some years that certain genetic alterations can confer considerable risk of psychiatric disorders".

    Cardiff University research, for example, has identified key genes linked to schizophrenia.

    "People with conditions such as schizophrenia die 20 years earlier than their peers. We know that this is often from physical health problems," said Dr Procter.

    "If you have one of these genetic alterations, research has shown this confers a 30-fold greater risk of developing mental health disorders but also the related physical health problems.

    "For this group of people not only can [the service] help them understand the position they're in, it can also offer interventions and follow-ups which might improve their quality of life."

    How will the service work?

    Patients and families can be referred by local mental health or genetics teams.

    Examples of people who might be considered include those with psychiatric disorders whose treatment is not proving to be effective as hoped, individuals worried about a family history of mental health disorders or people with known genetic risk factors wanting advice about possible risks to future children.

    The service is supported by psychiatrists, geneticists, genetic counsellors, genetic scientists, psychologists and pharmacists, as well as academic researchers.

    If appropriate, individuals can be offered a genetic test which could help pinpoint small alterations in their DNA code - known as copy number variants (CNVs).

    It is hoped the work could also help identify more genetic alterations which may be linked to mental ill-health.


    Clinical scientist Jade Heath has been involved in the project

    Dr Jade Heath of the All Wales Medical Genomics Service (AWMGS) is a clinical scientist involved with the new service.

    "We have a lot of experience in identifying these types of CNVs for more physical health disorders," she said.

    "So it's really exciting to be able to put this experience we have into giving access to mental health illness and individuals who've struggled for access to genetic testing in the past."

    Dr Procter said it is known CNVs "confer risk" but not known how.

    "And sometimes in the world of genetics, it takes one person with a particular genetic alteration that unlocks so much... so it might be in five or 10 years time, we might have developed a treatment we haven't even thought about now.

    "But it's not just about testing, it's about counselling and having an informed conversation about the quality of life they want to aspire to.

    "There are some people and professionals that are concerned that we're trying to root out mental health genes... this is not what this is about.

    "This is about choice and to learn and understand more about your personal situation."

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    This would greatly help most people on the forum.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Incal View Post
    This would greatly help most people on the forum.
    Nigga you are rmentally retarded and smoking crack :

    A recent review of the science behind the psychiatric discourse concluded that “no biological sign has ever been found for any ‘mental disorder.’ Correspondingly, there is no known physiological etiology” (Burstow 2015: 75). This conclusion also became clear to the APA’s own DSM-5 task force when they began work on the new manual in 2002. As Whitaker and Cosgrove (2015: 60) record, in reviewing the available research evidence it was plain to the committee members that “[t]he etiology of mental disorders remained unknown. The field [of mental health] still did not have a biological marker or genetic test that could be used for diagnostic purposes.” Furthermore, the research also showed that psychiatrists could still not distinguish between mentally healthy and mentally sick people, and consequently had failed to define their area of supposed expertise. This issue was recently highlighted with reference to comments made by Allen Frances, the chair of the previous DSM-IV task force. When the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association 1994: xxi) was published in 1994, it stated that “mental disorder” was drome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.
    However, as the architect of the DSM-IV, Frances was later quoted by Greenberg (2013: 35–36) as stating of the above definition, “[h]ere’s the problem … There is no definition of a mental disorder … it’s bullshit … I mean you can’t define it.” The lack of knowledge on mental health and illness has haunted the entire history of psychiatry. Some have dismissed critics who highlight this fundamental hole in the science of psychiatry as “antipsychiatry” or “mental illness deniers.” Such attacks on scholars who attempt to investigate the accuracy of the central pillars of psychiatric knowledge should further concern us, as it perhaps signals that plenty in the profession are already aware of the flimsy nature on which their “expertise” continues to rest. Together with an understanding of the history of the psychiatric profession—summed up by Scull (1989: 8) as “dismal and depressing”—I would argue that it should be the duty of all social scientists concerned with the mental health field that, in good conscience and putting the needs of the public first, they remain highly sceptical of a psychiatric discourse that poses as expert knowledge on the mind but produces little actual evidence to back up the assertions made.

    ...

    Psychiatric insiders have openly admitted the lack of science to their area of operations. Allen Frances (cited in Whitaker and Cosgrove 2015: 61), for example, has recently stated that the mental disorders given in the DSM are “better understood as no more than currently convenient constructs or heuristics that allow [psychiatrists] to communicate with one another.” This has included the classic constructs of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (formerly manic-depression), of which the mental health researcher Joel Paris at the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, has admitted “[i]n reality, we do not know whether [such] conditions … are true diseases” (cited in Whitaker and Cosgrove 2015: 61). Even National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) director and strong advocate of biomedical psychiatry, Thomas Insel (cited in Masson 2015: xii), announced on the release of the DSM-5 in 2013 that the categories of mental disorder lacked validity and NIMH would no longer be using such diagnoses for research purposes.Despite the claims to “progress” made by official historians of psychiatry such as Lieberman and Shorter, there is no evidence for the supposed “science” of psychiatry. There is no test for any mental illness, no proof of causation, no evidence of successful “treatment” that relates specifically to an individual disorder, and no accurate prediction of future cases. Thus, the claim that psychiatric constructs are real disease has not been proven. Consequently, it is necessary to utilise the existing evidence to more accurately theorise the real vocation of the psy-professions in capitalist society. As the faulty knowledge claims of the DSM are summarised by Burstow (2015: 78, emphasis original), “reliability cannot legitimately function as a validity claim and no studies have established validity”; therefore, “it follows that … no foundation of any sort exists for the DSM categories. This is a serious issue that calls into question the power vested in psychiatry.” It necessarily leads us to consider such institutions as moral and political enterprises rather than medical ones (Szasz 1974: xii) because psy-professionals make historically and culturally bound judgements on the “correct” and “appropriate” behaviour of society’s members.

    https://www.amazon.com/Psychiatric-H...s%2C220&sr=8-2

    https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/sh...atric-hegemony

    Counterfeit art is forgery. Counterfeit testimony is perjury. But counterfeit illness is illness, “mental illness,” an illness officially decreed “an illness like any other.” The consequences of this policy—economic, legal, medical, moral, philosophical, political, and social—are momentous: counterfeit disability, counterfeit disease, counterfeit doctoring, and the bureaucracies and industries administering, adjudicating, and providing for them make up a substantial part of the national economies of modern Western societies.

    According to classic, pathological-scientific criteria, disease is a product manufactured by the body, in the same sense that urine is. Diagnosis, in contrast, is a product manufactured by persons, in the same sense that works of art are. Charcot and Freud discarded the somatic pathological criterion of disease, destroying the empirical-rational basis for distinguishing real medical disorders of the body (diseases) from fake psychiatric disorders of the “mind” (nondiseases). Modern psychiatry is a gigantic edifice built on the poisoned ruins of this destruction.

    Except for a few objectively identifiable brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, there are neither biological or chemical tests nor biopsy or necropsy findings for verifying or falsifying DSM diagnoses.

    https://www.amazon.com/Psychiatry-Sc.../dp/0815609108

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    Quote Originally Posted by Tooting Carmen View Post
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-61853144


    Marc Flagg - before his diagnosis - struggled with various aspects of life, without knowing why

    People in Wales affected by mental health issues will be able to benefit from a new genetics service.

    Individuals with certain genetic alterations have a much greater risk of developing serious conditions such as schizophrenia, according to research.

    The new NHS Wales service, the first of its kind in the UK, offers patients and families access to counselling and, where appropriate, genetic testing.

    It is hoped this will lead to better care and treatments.

    A greater understanding of how small changes in the DNA can influence a person's susceptibility to mental ill-health is another aim of the service.

    About 30,000 people in Wales, or one in 100, are affected by severe mental illnesses.

    A person's experiences and environment have the greatest influence but in a small number of cases alterations in someone's DNA can also play a part, specialists believe.


    Counselling and other forms of therapy will be offered to patients and families

    Marc Flagg's mental health was affected by questions about his own situation.

    The lecturer from Cardiff couldn't understand why throughout his life he felt different, saying: "It's kind of 'outside of' and you don't feel you're part of the social networks or structure of society."

    Despite doing well in his O-levels at 16, the prospect of going to university frightened him and he failed his A-levels without "giving them any attention".

    "I kind of half wanted to fail them, so I wouldn't have to go to university," he added.

    It was years later when his son was given a diagnosis of autism that he started thinking about himself and professionals suggested he could also have a potential diagnosis.

    'Very cathartic experience'

    Autism isn't considered a mental health condition, but understanding more about his own situation helped him immeasurably.

    "I very rarely get upset and show emotion but I must say I was very upset and cried. It was a very cathartic experience.

    "I remember having the diagnosis and going outside, saying 'thank you very much' to the professor and I went outside and I just burst into tears.

    "My wife was with me and I just felt a relief and a sense that I could give myself permission to say that I'm not to blame for a lot of the troubles I've had in terms of my feeling of being outside and loss."

    Marc's mental health support has improved considerably and he now receives the support he needs.


    Dr Annie Procter, a consultant clinical geneticist, leads the new service

    Consultant clinical geneticist Dr Annie Procter, the clinical lead for the new All-Wales Psychiatric Genomics Service, said: "There is no doubt a person's experience of life in general has the greatest impact on their mental well-being... but we have known for some years that certain genetic alterations can confer considerable risk of psychiatric disorders".

    Cardiff University research, for example, has identified key genes linked to schizophrenia.

    "People with conditions such as schizophrenia die 20 years earlier than their peers. We know that this is often from physical health problems," said Dr Procter.

    "If you have one of these genetic alterations, research has shown this confers a 30-fold greater risk of developing mental health disorders but also the related physical health problems.

    "For this group of people not only can [the service] help them understand the position they're in, it can also offer interventions and follow-ups which might improve their quality of life."

    How will the service work?

    Patients and families can be referred by local mental health or genetics teams.

    Examples of people who might be considered include those with psychiatric disorders whose treatment is not proving to be effective as hoped, individuals worried about a family history of mental health disorders or people with known genetic risk factors wanting advice about possible risks to future children.

    The service is supported by psychiatrists, geneticists, genetic counsellors, genetic scientists, psychologists and pharmacists, as well as academic researchers.

    If appropriate, individuals can be offered a genetic test which could help pinpoint small alterations in their DNA code - known as copy number variants (CNVs).

    It is hoped the work could also help identify more genetic alterations which may be linked to mental ill-health.


    Clinical scientist Jade Heath has been involved in the project

    Dr Jade Heath of the All Wales Medical Genomics Service (AWMGS) is a clinical scientist involved with the new service.

    "We have a lot of experience in identifying these types of CNVs for more physical health disorders," she said.

    "So it's really exciting to be able to put this experience we have into giving access to mental health illness and individuals who've struggled for access to genetic testing in the past."

    Dr Procter said it is known CNVs "confer risk" but not known how.

    "And sometimes in the world of genetics, it takes one person with a particular genetic alteration that unlocks so much... so it might be in five or 10 years time, we might have developed a treatment we haven't even thought about now.

    "But it's not just about testing, it's about counselling and having an informed conversation about the quality of life they want to aspire to.

    "There are some people and professionals that are concerned that we're trying to root out mental health genes... this is not what this is about.

    "This is about choice and to learn and understand more about your personal situation."
    Too bad schizophrenia is a counterfeit disease capitalist propaganda. Genetic test for 'schizophrenia' ? Don't make me laugh you mentally retarded chimpanzee :

    Summary

    There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of true to no relationships among the relationships probed in each scientific field. In this framework, a research finding is less likely to be true when the studies conducted in a field are smaller; when effect sizes are smaller; when there is a greater number and lesser preselection of tested relationships; where there is greater flexibility in designs, definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes; when there is greater financial and other interest and prejudice; and when more teams are involved in a scientific field in chase of statistical significance. Simulations show that for most study designs and settings, it is more likely for a research claim to be false than true. Moreover, for many current scientific fields, claimed research findings may often be simply accurate measures of the prevailing bias. In this essay, I discuss the implications of these problems for the conduct and interpretation of research.

    Citation: Ioannidis JPA (2005) Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLoS Med 2(8): e124. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124

    https://journals.plos.org/plosmedici...l.pmed.0020124

    The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 2013 finally tossed the DSM—psychiatry’s diagnostic system—into the wastebasket.
    Bruce E. Levine, psychologist and journalist.

    Of the 170 contributors to the most recent edition of the ... DSM... ninety-five had financial ties to drug companies, including all of the to the sections on mood disorders and schizophrenia… Not only did the DSM become the bible of psychiatry, but like the real Bible, it depended a lot on something akin to revelation. There are no citations of scientific studies to support its decisions. That is an astonishing omission.
    Marcia Angell (2011), former editor-in-chief of NEJM

    The DSM’s diagnostic categories lack validity, and the NIMH will be re-orienting its research away from DSM categories.
    Former NIMH Director Thomas Insel

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