Q-M3 and American Indians

**Shubotai** · 08-26-2022, 06:24 PM

Introduction
Q-M3 is the ideal haplotype for describing American Indians/Amerindians as it excludes later Inuit and Na-Dene waves with the types Q-NWT01, C-P39 and the wave with haplogroup Q-Z780, Q-L330 groupings which can be used together for naming Native Americans as a whole. Also, is more suitable than the term Indigenous Americans which would include early human dispersals in America as well.
There are suggestions that much of Q-M3 diversity was lost due to colonization, however undertesting seems to be the main case here as well.

Tree
Q-M3 (Xiongnu) [American Indians]

Q-Y4308/Y4303/Y4276/FGC8469 (Chukotka, Alaska, Tupi) [North American Indians]
(Siberian Eskimos, Algonquian>Wampanoags>Massachusetts, USA, Mexico, Sioux)
- B34/Z35702 [Iroquois, Alaska, Koryaks]
- FGC12919/Y4321 [Timucua/Muskogean/Algic/Siouan]
  - Y18423
  - CTS11268/Y4294/Y4300 [Algonquian]
    - YP1464
      - Y6150/Y6131 (Massachusetts)
  - L766 (New Mexico)

Q-M848 (*Starcluster for American Indians) [South American Indians]
- M19 (Ticuna, Wayuu, Tobas) [Ticuna]
- M194 (South American populations)
- M199/P106/P292 (South American populations)
- SA01 (South America-Andes, Peru, Bolivia)
- CTS11357/M925 [Panama, Medellin] (Colombia, Nicaragua, Panama, USA, Peru,
  Brazil-Karitiana, Mexico, El Salvador, Mexico-Tohono O'odham) [Macro-Chibchan]
  - CTS748 [Mexicans] [Uto-Aztecan]
    - Z768 (Mexico City)
    - M818/CTS10853/CTS2515/YP4763 [Mayans]
      - CTS6060
        
        CTS10033 [Mexicans]
        
        L663
    - CTS7417
    - YP4570
  - Y12421 [Macro-Chibchan]
  - FT81458 [Karitiana/Tupian] [proto-Tupi]
    - BZ4012 (United States)
    - YP5753
      - Y166185
      - Y26547 [Karitiana]
        
        FT332038 [Karitiana, Arikem]
- Z35840 [Lima] (Peru-Cachis)
- PF1337.2/Z35901 (Peru)
- Z5906/Z8028 [Cusco] (Peru, Peru-Quechua, Bolivia, Argentina) [Incas]
- Z5908/Z19301 [Lima] (Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Peru-Quechua) [Calchaquí]
- Y789/Z5913/Z19357 [Lima] (Brazil-Maxakali, Peru, Chaco)
  - Z5914 [Peru]
    - Y818
    - Z35630
  - Z35752
- Z19432 [Lima, Brazil] (Brazil-Xavante, Brazil, Peru, Brazil) [Macro-Jê]
  - Z5915 (Peru>Lima)
  - MPB122 [may have expanded with Tupi-Guarani]
  - FGC4458
    - Y165186
      - FGC47007 [may have expanded with Tupi-Guarani]
- SK281/Z6659/MPB096 (Peru) [Peru>Lima, Brazil>Minas Gerais]
- CTS2731 [Oaxaca] (Mexico, Texas, Mexico-Zapotec) [Oto-Manguean]
- Y27992/Y27993/Y27994 (Mexico, Argentina-Chane) [Arawakan>Chané]
- CTS133 (Mexico)
- B43/PF1076.2/Z35491/Z35497 (Argentina-Wichis) [Matacoan/Mataguayan]
- Z35706 (Peru)
- CTS44 (Medellin, Colombia)
- Z35737 (Peru)
- Z35742 (Peru)
- Z35747 (Peru)
- BZ3401 (Brazil)[found in Karitiana, Macro-Jê]
- A1211 [Massachusetts] (Wappingers, Mohicans) [found in Eastern Algonquian]

Notes
1. Majority of Mayan population belongs to haplogroup Q-M3>Q-M848.
2. Sioux seem to be an equal blend of haplogroups Q-M3>Q-Y4308, C-M217>C-P39, Q-Z780>Q-L456 and R-M207>M173.
3. Tupi family spans quite a few haplogroups including Q-M925>Q-FT81458, Q-Z19432, Q-Y202441, Q-Y126607 etc.
4. There are 5-6 native Peruvian haplogroups Q-SK281, Q-Z6658, Q-Y788, Q-Z5908, Q-Z35841, Q-Z5906 and also the more special in distribution Q-MPB139 (Uros of Peruvian Altiplano and the Pasto of the Ecuadorian Altiplano) which may have all benefited from the Inca empire and Quechua-Aymara linguistic expansion.

Sources:
1. ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2019-2020 2020
2. Human Y chromosome sequences from Q Haplogroup reveal a South American settlement pre-18,000 years ago and a profound genomic impact during the Younger Dryas 2022
3. Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico 2021
4. Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America 2006