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This world is an alternative prehistory of Earth, and Tolkien focused to Europe especially to anglo-saxon "mythology" what he created. There is not much info about other parts of Arda. According to canon the South like Harad was desert terrain, inhabited by brown peoples like middle easterns and black númenóreans in Umbar. Far Harad was rather a warm jungle land. At sige of Minas Tirith there were red tongued half trolls from Far Harad. Obviously orcs, trolls, and black skinned primitive humans live there under influence of Sauron.
Khand laid in south east Mordor, the local humans called variags were very militarist peoples with huge axes. I think their culture was mix of huns and east european vikings. According to canon variags have huge cavalry.
There were many smaller kingdom in Rhûn, these peoples were similar to central asians, persians and others. The only peaceful easterling land was Dorwinion, it was famous for its great gardens and finest wines, but they fished in Sea of Rhûn too.
So the East was a huge land area, inhabited by such humans who were corrupted by Morgoth and later Sauron, these humans worshipped them as gods. The blue wizards also travelled to East and they disappeared from canon.
Morgoth was not necessary stronger than Sauron. In the end of First Age Morgoth has sacrificed big part of his power to corrupt Arda (Morgoth's Ring) and into his army to make them stronger. At this time he was weaker than Sauron in the later Second Age with the One Ring. So basically Morgoth is stronger because he was valar, but i think Sauron in the prime of life with the Ring would beat this weaker Morgoth that existed in the late First Age.
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