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Ataturk’s little known writings on Kurds
Most people today don’t know the role of Kurds in creating Turkey and their relationship with Turks back then in the Ottomen days. An internet search in English doesn’t show complete information but a search in Turkish brings up Ataturk’s little known writings in Turkish and sheds light on this. Here’s the translated version
Also most people are not aware that Turkey’s highest positions were held by Kurds or Half Kurd-Turk. For ex Ismet Onono who was Ataturk’s trusted right hand man as Chief of Staff and 2nd president of Turkey.
Atatürk's words about the Kurdish question and the Kurds at the Amasya Protocols and the conversation meeting he had with the famous journalists of the period in Izmit, consisting of 36.5 hours of speech texts he delivered at the 1st Congress of the Republican People's Party between 15-20 October 1927. The 1934, 1938, 1963 and 1965 editions of Nutuk in Turkish letters were censored and published. It was published in Milliyet newspaper in the 75-episode 'Gazi ve İnkılap' series, which lasted from 26 November 1929 to 7 February 1930. It was not included in the book titled 'Atatürk's Discourses and Statements' and 'Atatürk's Circulars, Telegrams and Declarations' published by the Turkish Revolutionary History Institute and was censored.
It is known that Mustafa Kemal used terms such as "Kurd" and "Kurdistan" in his telegrams to the commands and governorships on behalf of the Representative Committee, in the letters he sent to the Russian Soviet Republic Foreign Affairs Commissar Çiçerin on behalf of the Grand National Assembly, or in his speeches in the Parliament.
The most unknown or ignored document on Mustafa Kemal's Kurdish policy is the political text known as the Amasya Protocols (Meeting). This document, which is often confused with the Amasya Circular (Circular), was prepared on 20-23 October 1919 as a result of an attempt to reconcile the cadres of the National Struggle with Istanbul. As it is known, the collaborationist Damat Ferit Pasha government was overthrown as a result of the communication embargo organized by Mustafa Kemal right after the Sivas Congress held between 4-11 September 1919.
KURDS AND KURDISTAN IN MUSTAFA KEMAL'S WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
https://www.cafrande.org/mustafa-kem...stan-yorumsuz/
Document:1 “ I am honored to be in Kurdistan! ”
From the letter Mustafa Kemal sent from Adana to the Ministry of War Affairs on March 24, 1919, in response to an allegation made about him and his friends:
“I don't know what my friends will say about this cowardly accusation. I'm just explaining to myself that; The heroic armies that I am proud to lead in Anafartalar , Kurdistan and Syria were not formed by bandits, but by the honorable children of the Ottoman nation.”
(Atatürk's Private Letters with His Stories Sadi Borak Çağdaş Yayınları İstanbul 1980 Page: 139)
Document:2
The first article of the message, dated 24 June 1919, that Mustafa Kemal sent from Amasya to Kazım Karabekir Pasha in Erzurum as the 3rd Army Inspector:
“1- An English captain named Mr. Novil went to Viranşehir from Urfa via Siverek, met with the notables of the Milli tribes and returned to Urfa. He made very bad propaganda for the Ottoman government. However, he was not happy with the definite answers he received from the tribal chiefs. The Kurds have said that they will never be separated from their Turkish brothers and that they are ready to die until their last person for this cause. In addition, they showed their honor and patriotism by not taking the significant amount of money that the British wanted to give them…”
(Atatürk's Circular Telegrams and Declarations Nimet Arsan Page: 43)
Document:3
From the detailed report Mustafa Kemal sent from Sivas on September 24, 1919 to General Harbord, Chairman of the United States Review Board:
“ They provoked the Kurds to divide the empire and start a fraternal war between the Turks and the Kurds and to join them in their plan to establish an independent Kurdistan . The thesis they put forward is that the Empire will disintegrate anyway. They spent a lot of money to realize these ideas. They resorted to all kinds of espionage. A British officer named Noil made an effort in this way in Diyarbakir for a long time and resorted to all kinds of lies and deception. But our Kurdish citizens realized the game and expelled him and a group of traitors who sold their hearts for money…”
(Atatürk's Circular Telegram and Declarations Nimet Arsan Pages: 74-84)
Document: 4
From Mustafa Kemal's telegram dated January 7, 1920, sent to Reşit Bey, the elder brother of Circassian Ethem in Ankara: “I should also mention, extraordinarily, that Anzavur's infamy is directed at himself and against the agitators, the British and their footmen. He is a firm citizen of this religion and state. Our Circassian brothers and sisters are our chiefs that we all praise. The fact that our Turkish, Kurdish , Circassian and other religious brothers and sisters , surrounded by enemies today, form an unshakable whole, is an obligation to save our honor and our lives.
(Journal of War History Documents no: 34 Document no: 849)
Document: 5
From the section of Mustafa Kemal's "NUTUK" titled "General Situation and Appearance on the Day I Landed in Samsun":
“The people of Anatolia have been made an indivisible whole from top to bottom. All decisions are taken together with all commanders and our friends. Almost all of the governors are on our side. National organizations in Anatolia spread to districts and sub-districts. Propaganda regarding the establishment of an independent Kurdistan under British protection was eliminated and those who pursued this aim were brought to justice. Kurdsunited with Turks…”
(Speech Turkish Language Institution Ankara 1976 Page: 15)
Document: 6
From the section in Mustafa Kemal's Speech, in which the 6th Corps Commander talks about the letter he sent to the Sultan:
“…The commanders mention in the letter that the men employed by the government were defeated and forced to flee, as it is understood from the documents that the government tried to shed blood among the Muslims by going to war by pressing the congress, and that the plan to break up the homeland by uprising Kurdistan was undertaken in exchange for money…”
(Nutuk İnkılap Publishing House Ankara 1966 Page: 100)
Document: 7
Massage sent to Al-Jazeera Commander Brigadier General Nehat Pasha with the signature of “Grand National Assembly and Mustafa Kemal” on the bottom:
"Personal.
To His Excellency Brigadier General Nihat Pasha, Commander of the Al-Jazeera Front
1- It is a requirement of our domestic policy to gradually establish local governments in the whole country and on a large scale, in a way that directly engages and influences public groups. In the region full of Kurds , we advocate the establishment of a measured local government in terms of both our domestic and foreign policy.
2- The authority of nations to govern themselves is a principle adopted all over the world. We also adopt this principle. The Kurds ' desire for life should be published under the command of the BMM (Grand National Assembly), which has established organizations related to local government until this period, and that they have gained their authority with their presidents for this purpose, and that they really have their own destiny when they vote. It is the duty of the Al-Jazeera Front Command to direct all efforts in Kurdistan to a policy based on this goal.
3- Raising the hostility of the Kurds against the French and especially the British on the Iraqi border to an unstoppable level by armed conflict in Kurdistan, and preventing the union of foreigners and Kurds , laying the groundwork for the establishment of local governments gradually, and thus ensuring their wholehearted loyalty to us , and general ways such as reinforcing their loyalty to us by being assigned to military duties have been adopted.
4- The internal policy of Kurdistan will be determined and managed by the Al-Jazeera Front Command. The Front Command communicates with the Presidency of the Grand National Assembly on this matter. Since it will regulate the path to be followed by the provinces and ensure harmony, the place where the civilian administrators are attached in this regard is the Front Command.
5- Al-Jazeera Front Command recommends the implementation of this change to the government whenever the administration deems it necessary to make changes and regulations in justice and finance (monetary) matters.
UN President
Mustafa Kemal."
(Grand National Assembly of Turkey Confidential Session Minutes Türkiye İş Bankası Culture Publications Ankara 1985 Volume: 3 Pages: 550)
Document: 8
From the letter Mustafa Kemal sent to the Senate Member Fuat Pasha in Istanbul on September 17, 1919: “…The Ministers of Interior and War Affairs, who were partners in the murders of this Prime Minister (Damat Ferit), should also drown the voice of the nation, not recognize a legal meeting (Sivas Congress). He is making treacherous attempts such as causing clashes between Muslims by pitting Kurds against Turks…”
Selections from Atatürk's Private Archive, Ministry of Culture Publication Page: 71)
Document: 9
The second paragraph of the telegram Mustafa Kemal sent from Amasya to Sivas Governor Reşit Pasha on 22 June 1919:
“At a time when the integration of the state gained importance, those who wanted the independence of Kurdistan , which emerged under the influence of British propaganda, were won through negotiations and brought to our common goal around the Caliphate and Sultanate. Fortunately, the mistake was understood and they returned to us and were invited to the congress (Sivas). The dedication to patriotic thinkers like you is especially great for this national and vital issue.”
(History Documents Journal Ankara 1949 Issue: 15 Pages: 162)
Document: 10
From the message Mustafa Kemal sent to Istanbul as the 3rd Army Inspector to many intellectuals and politicians, including Halide Edip Adıvar Senate President Ahmet Rıza Bey and former Prime Minister Ahmet İzzet Pasha:
“…I suppose you would agree with this thought of mine. The situation I have described requires the urgent worship of a general congress today. This call has been delivered everywhere. The currents that emerged with the propaganda of the British at a time when the state was in question and demanding the independence of Kurdistan , were also stopped by mutual negotiations and the supporters of this idea were drawn to our common goal around the caliphate and the sultanate, and they were called to the congress.
(National Struggle Sebahattin Selek Volume: 1 Page: 324)
Document: 11
Article 1 of the Sivas Congress Declaration published on September 11, 1919:
“1- The parts of the Ottoman territory, which was overwhelmingly Muslim everywhere and within our borders on the day of October 30, 1918, when the treaty between the great Ottoman state and the treaty states was signed (which is the part of the next Document, namely in the first article of the Amasya Protocol – Ottoman land Turks and Kurds ) They are the lands inhabited by the Ottoman Empire.-) form an inseparable whole from each other and from the Ottoman integrity for any reason. All Muslims living in these parts; full of mutual respect and self-sacrifice towards each other, they are true brothers who are fully committed to the conditions of their direction with their ethnic and social rights…”
Sivas Congress Vehbi Cem Askin Ankara 1963 Pages: 158
Document: 12
Article 1 of the Amasya Protocol Minute begins with the following sentences:
“After it was stated in the 1st article of the declaration that the considered and accepted borders of the Ottoman state included the places where Turks and Kurds lived and it was impossible for the Kurds to leave the Ottoman community, it was jointly agreed that this border should be achieved with at least one request. In order to prevent the lies made up by foreigners, apparently for the purpose of Kurdish independence, it was deemed appropriate for the Kurds to know this situation in advance…”
(1-Yurt Encyclopedia Vol: 1 Amasya article.
2-Atatürk's War of Independence Correspondence Mustafa Onar Ministry of Culture
Publications 1995 Volume: 1 Page: 268 Document No: 348)
Document: 13
The telegram he sent from Mustafa Kemal Havza, Inspector of 9th Army Units, to the General Staff on 29 May 1919:
“ I learned from my research that the contradiction between the Kurdish Club in Diyarbakır, which advocates the idea of an independent Kurdistan , and other clubs that are pro-government, has increased. I gave effective advice to the Kurds and to some of the Kurdish notables , whose closeness and love I gained very well during the effective war on Kurdistan , by sending telegrams directly to some of them through the Corps, giving enough information about the real situation of the state and the precautions to be taken by them.
According to some information I have learned recently, it is necessary to take care of the Kurdistan region. For this , which regions are supported by the British, including independent Kurdistan , and in the future… I ask for your orders to inform your High Presidency about this matter…”
(Har History Documents Journal Issue: 4)
Document: 14
From the telegram Mustafa Kemal sent to the Governorship of Diyarbakir on 15 June 1919:
“Since it is a vital and necessary duty to close all kinds of associations by breaking up all kinds of principles that prefer to live in captivity and abortion by taking shelter under the protection of a foreign state in these important days when the whole nation is united to save life and independence, your application on the Kurdish Club has been deemed appropriate by us.
For this reason, I highly recommend helping the establishment and establishment of Müdafaa-i Hukuk and Redd-i İlhak Associations in Diyarbakır and its surrounding regions. And it is especially appropriate to negotiate with the members of the Kurdish Club within the scope of my telegram today…”
(Discourse Hıfzı Veldet Velidedeoğlu Page: 10)
Document: 15
From the telegram that Mustafa Kemal sent to Kazım Karabekir Pasha in Erzurum in response to the above telegram sent to the Governor of Diyarbakır:
“As it was understood that the Kurdish Club in Diyarbakir was pursuing the aim of establishing a Kurdistan under the protection of the British, with the provocation of the British , it was closed. Members are being investigated. In the telegrams I received from the well-known lords of Kurdistan , it is stated that this Kurdish Club is the result of the attempts of a few ignorant people and does not represent any Kurds , and that they are ready for all kinds of sacrifices and your orders for the sake of the country and nation to live completely independently and freely.
… It is known to you that the government (Istanbul) is in a very captive situation and the capital is under a pressured military occupation, so the liberation of the nation will be realized with the army of the nation. For this reason, I am making the decision and effort to unite the Kurds as a true brother, to unite the whole nation within the framework of one point and to show this to the world through the Defense of Law associations…”
(Discourse Hıfzı Veldet Velidedeoğlu Page: 49)
Document: 16
From a message Mustafa Kemal sent to Mehmet Selahattin Bey, Commander of the 12th Corps in Edirne:
“ Not even an inch can be given from these provinces, the overwhelming majority of which are Turkish and Kurdish …”
(Discourse Hıfzı Veldet Velidedeoğlu Volume:1 Page: 72)
Document: 17
“A British Major named Mr. Novel came to Malatya with Kamuran Celadet and Cemil Beys from the Bedirhans and with about 15 Kurdish horsemen, and they were welcomed by Halil Bey, Mutasarrıf Bedirhan. The Governor of Harput (Elazig) came to Malatya by car, appearing to be watching a mail thief. For this purpose, the union in Adıyaman was given to them.
It was understood that their aim was to send the Kurds to disrupt our affairs and have us killed by promising to establish a Kurdistan , and countermeasures were applied. In the meantime, we want to capture the Governor and the others. Malatya Governor also invited Kurdish tribes to Malatya. Thereupon, the 13th Corps got to work. Necessary precautions have been taken. Tomorrow evening, a unit sent from Harput will crush the troublemakers…”
Document: 18
From the message he sent from Sivas on September 9, 1919, to Halet Bey, a former deputy who lives in the Kemah district of Erzincan and is known to be close to Kurdish tribes:
“…One of the British Majors, who was making propaganda for the establishment of an independent Kurdistan under British protection, Mr. It 's a fabrication, like watching the thieves who supposedly robbed the mail together with Halil Bey, the Governor of Malatya from the Bedirhanis, where Ekrem Kamran , one of the Kurdish gentlemen who sold his religion and nation, came to Malatya with Ali Celadet, and the Governor of Elazig, who was obviously a traitor to the nation and the country, joined them. It was learned that they started to gather the armed Kurds for the same reason.
Namely, in order to show the devotion and inseparability of the Kurds to the holy caliphate and the country, some aghas set off to Malatya with some Kurdish forces and attempted to cooperate with the British against the sultan and the nation, and gathered the pure-hearted Kurds of the region and gathered them. He expects the traitors, who caused them to be killed in vain by the soldiers and to be put in a state of rebellion against the sultan, to notify the Kurds , whom I have mentioned, of their infamy as quickly as possible and to make efforts to ensure that they comply with the call. If possible, we hope that this work will be started immediately and the result will be reported immediately…”
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