Pecularities of late European IE migration after Late Palaeolithic African migration hinted by China

[Oasis]

The analysis of Admixture models in Chinese works of "Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history" and “Genetic Continuity of Bronze Age Ancestry with Increased Steppe-Related Ancestry in Late Iron Age Uzbekistan” can show that yDNA R-related Eurasian samples contain the ancestry of Palaeolithic European hunter-gatherers which can appear in yDNA R2 Iran Ganj Dareh and yDNA R Ancient North Eurasian ancestry. Moreover, the ANE ancestry of Native Americans appears isolated from ancient yDNA R populations which had connections to Europe, which may be concordant with the explanation of the dissimilarity between Native American languages and the overwhelming majority of Eurasian languages. However, Siberian yDNA R lineages’ samples’ ancestries can join the ANE-like ancestries in the discussed Admixture models, which may be concordant with the explanation of some linguistic similarities between European and some Paleo-Siberian languages, for example, discovered by Gerhard Jager in his article published in 2015.

However, the authors of “Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Origins and Genetic Structure of the Neolithic Shimao Population in Northern China” have made a selection of European-associated mtDNA lineages which may be tracer dyes of a much later migration out of Central Europe (probably, during the late Indo-European period).

Koryak_EU007851 Koryak Koryak Siberia Russia EU007851 U5a2a1 Ingman and Gyllensten, 2007
Buryat_KJ856684 Buryat Buryat Siberia Russia KJ856684 U5a2a1 Derenko et al., 2014
NChina_Kyrgyz_MF522910 Kyrgyz NChina_KyrgyzXJ Artux, Xinjiang China MF522910 U5a2a1 Peng et al., 2018
NChina_Kyrgyz_MF522858 Kyrgyz NChina_KyrgyzXJ Artux, Xinjiang China MF522858 U5a2a1 Peng et al., 2018
NChina_Tajik_MF523088 Sarikoli.Tajik NChina_TajikXJ Taxkorgan, Xinjiang China MF523088 U5a2a1 Peng et al., 2018
PamirTajik_MF523037 Pamir.Tajik Pamir_Tajik Tajikistan Tajikistan MF523037 U5a2a1 Peng et al., 2018
European_GU296580 Belarusian European Belarus Belarus GU296580 U5a2a1 Malyarchuk et al., 2010
European_EF177408 Portuguese European Portugal Portugal EF177408 U5a2a1 Pereira et al., 2007
European_MG646224 Polish European Poland Poland MG646224 U5a2a1 Piotrowska et al., 2019
European_MG646265 Polish European Poland Poland MG646265 U5a2a1 Piotrowska et al., 2019
European_KY346826 German European Germany Germany KY346826 U5a2a1 Sahakyan et al., 2017
European_GU797137 German European Germany Germany GU797137 U5a2a1 Sahakyan et al., 2017

The common ancestor of mtDNA U5a2a1 is estimated to be more than 4000 years old and it is possibly connected to the migration of some Steppe peoples from Central Europe. The Buryat connection, if not recent, may be mediated by the appearance of the Srubnaya ancestry in Khovsgol cultures (according to Choongwon Jeong, “Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe”).
mtDNA U5a2a1 is characterized by A13827G mutation, which is also characteristic of its older Mesolithic U5a2a parent mtDNA haplogroup.
The A13827G mutation does not occur in Eurasia often. It is largely limited to rather late European haplogroups, but it is also found in one of the Late Palaeolithic lineages distributed in the Japanese, and in some lineages of Native Americans.

In Africa, the discussed A13827G mutation was observed in the San-related lineage, West African-related lineage and a lineage whose West African bearers contributed some ancestry to the Mbuti people. The affinity of those three populations was shown in “Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals”. However, in other scientific works, only the ancient Mota sample symbolically “contributed” 3% related to mtDNA to South African HG connected to the San people. However, the scarcity of A13827G mutation in Eurasia (according to mtDNAs' ages, the most ancient occurrence should be in the Japanese) rather means that lineages containing this mutation played a role during the Late Palaeolithic Period rather than during the Out of Africa period. The Mota people's sample was shown to contribute 3% of mtDNA to the African population with Eurasian connections in “Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history”. As for autosomal DNA and yDNA markers, the known Late Palaeolithic African migration occurred and led to the formation of the Natufian culture.