Borreby

[Folcwalding]

Just like Hallstatt type has not a connection with nowadays Skandonordids or any germanic Nordids for that matter- in strictu sensu at least.
They were most likely North Atlantid/ Keltic N. or Atlantid looking

Most of those old Borrebies are too unreduced for nowadays types, but similarities occur sporadically- often closer to Brunn or Faelid

I can see and I know the people of the North Dutch and North German Plain (Bremen-Hamburg and wide area) as my inside pocket....they/we rearly have a very sloping forehead combined with giga jaws.

The 'Barth type', the Borreby without Borreby connection is more common in my area.

[Folcwalding]

but all Borrebies are derived from Paleo-Balkan types and were carried upward by I2.

IMO this phenotype is nopt connected with a single group.
Borreby's have the same kind of autosomal as all NW Europeans. They don't share one haplotype, or are to be reduced to I2. It are in some respect overgrown Nordics. More robust. Big headed. Tall.

Overgrown is the key I guess.
I do see a connection with LNBA with the Bell Beaker phenotype. My impression is that the Bell Beaker phenotype is a abbreviation of the Single Grave people (range Netherlands- NW Germany, Denmark). These people were very clannish.

Within this group of Bell Beakers there was a tendency to become overgrown. This overgrowth influenced also the headship. I guess the flat occiput is the result of that. Coon has called it Dinarization not because there was a Dinaric influx but we see in the Dinaric Alps just like in the Single Grave Area (especially among the North Dutch) a overgrowth. This caused in some way or another the flat occiput. Gerhardt says this was cultivated among the Bell Beakers (kind of sexual selection). There could be a link with being more massive.....

For the rest fits the Borreby more or less in this picture (more than in the Ertebølle picture).

In the Bronze Age, or just before the introduction of bronze, Britain
was invaded by tall, massive roundheads who seem to have come from
about the same area near the mouth of the Rhine and northwestern
Germany from which the later Anglo-Saxons sailed. Probably other
brachycephals came to England later during this period, but the custom
of cremation obscures their racial affinities. British anthropologists
have long recognized a contemporary English and Scottish type as
probably surviving from these Bronze Age invaders or as an effect of
recombination of the same subracial elements.

It is tall, heavy-boned, weighty and, in middle and advanced years,
obese. The skin is usually florid or beefy, the eyes blue or light
mixed. Sometimes, however, and especially in Shetland, and in parts of
North England, and Scotland, and Ireland, the hair and skin are dark.
The head is massive, brachycephalic and sometimes rather flattened
behind. If the high, pointed Armenoid-Dinaric brachycephaly exist in
this type, it is uncommon. Brow-ridges are heavy, malars prominent,
and the face rather broad, but not short. The nose is usually long,
wide, and convex-decidely beaky. Beard and body hair are strongly
developed.

It has ordinarily been considered an Alpine-Nordic cross, and it is
clear enough that both of these elements frequently enter into its
composition. However, the nasal convexity and occasionally flattened
occiput perhaps qualify the type more correctly as Dinaric. This is
the opinion of Coon, who points out that the blend could not have been
formed in situ in Britain because of the absence of any antecedent
Alpine type that is an essential ingredient. As a matter of fact, Coon
thinks that the brachycephlic element in the John Bull type is closer
to the ancient massive Borreby type that the supposedly reduced Alpine
derivative.

If the Dinaric theory of British Bronze Age origins is correct, the
type harks back in respect of its nasal convexity to some ultimately
Middle or Near Eastern element, much adultered and modified by
admixture with western European types. As a matter of fact, probably
some of the so-called Bronze Age types are merely crosses of later
Nordic longheaded blonds with the pure Alpines

[Folcwalding]

Just like Hallstatt type has not a connection with nowadays Skandonordids or any germanic Nordids for that matter- in strictu sensu at least.
They were most likely North Atlantid/ Keltic N. or Atlantid looking

Most of those old Borrebies are too unreduced for nowadays types, but similarities occur sporadically- often closer to Brunn or Faelid

The Goswinus guy posted this a long time ago, but may be he got a point here (only I like to tal more about phenotype in stead of race):

In my view, the British Bronze Age type is either a local manifestation of the Borreby race or could belong to the Subnordic category if one accepts it to cover various outcomes of a Nordic-Alpine cross:
a) essentially the stabilized pseudo-Dinaroid, a more progressive Alpine.
b) a re-emerged Borreby through hybrid vigour, stronger dinaricized compared to the typical Borreby.
c) a brachycephalic Nordic/Nordoid, often barely distinguishable from a pure Nordic, except in head shape. As rounding of the skull in the occipital area was seen in neolithic Germany, it can be acribed to a tendency in the race itself without interference of a foreign element.

The planoccipital component in the Beaker Folk is often but erroneously regarded as a Dinaric property and hence pushing the Dinaric element to the foreground, despite that the issues are complex; the large, rugged cranio-facial aspects and the scheme of pigmentation don't gell well together with what is known of the generic Dinaric, which in itself is a moot point as it's ample variegated manifestation in Europe and the fact that European Dinarics compared to their Asian counterparts are larged headed, gives good reason to assume that what goes for the proper Dinaric in Europe is none less than a representative of the Anatolid race, while others are special blends or native European races undergoing independently from any genetic flow a process of dinarization.

My own conclusion based on Gerhardt and Goswinus, Borreby is not a UP phenotype but a Bell Beaker LNBA phenotype.

[Immanenz]

My own conclusion based on Gerhardt and Goswinus, Borreby is not a UP phenotype but a Bell Beaker LNBA phenotype.

Bell Beakers were not pure Borrebies- they also did not have only one phenotype- there was a tendenciy to dianromorphic Brunn/Borrey like skulls though:

https://www.google.com/search?q=bell...WmiMWq5zqzbSdM

Yamnaya woman with similar skull:

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/...fig2_281002916

but they had also skull like this:

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/...fig2_304847706

reason for flat occiput is most likely the CHG element in Yamnaya, since flat occiputs/high headness peaks around Caucasus area/ Iran

Bell Beakers were too long faced for nowadays Borreby examples- they look more like dinaromorphic Brunn- Borrebies

[Folcwalding]

Bell Beakers were not pure Borrebies- they also did not have only one phenotype- there was a tendenciy to dianromorphic Brunn/Borrey like skulls though:

https://www.google.com/search?q=bell...WmiMWq5zqzbSdM

Yamnaya woman with similar skull:

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/...fig2_281002916

but they had also skull like this:

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/...fig2_304847706

reason for flat occiput is most likely the CHG element in Yamnaya, since flat occiputs/high headness peaks around CHG area/ Iran

Bell Beakers were too long faced for nowadays Borreby examples- they look more like dinaromorphic Brunn- Borrebies

Interesting finds!!!!

Of course they were not pure Borrebies. But as we follow the reasoning of Gerhardt (the Bell Beaker expert) there is no such thing as a coherent Borreby.

He in fact states the BB are in fact like this:



Comes close to Goswinus:
a) essentially the stabilized pseudo-Dinaroid, a more progressive Alpine (Gerhardt=the steephead/ Planoccipitaler Steilkopf)
b) a re-emerged Borreby through hybrid vigour, stronger dinaricized compared to the typical Borreby (Gerhardt= Brachymorphe Cromagnide)

Or in your words:

they look more like dinaromorphic Brunn- Borrebies

By the way my feature:

Your facial index is: 88.1 (leptoprosopic)

Comes close to the picture type a the steephead I guess.

[Folcwalding]

Bell Beakers were not pure Borrebies- they also did not have only one phenotype- there was a tendenciy to dianromorphic Brunn/Borrey like skulls though:

This indeed makes all more sense. Especially in Europe above the Alps. In the 'Glockenbecher (BB) Symposium' in 1974 at Oberried (published 1976) Gerhardt pictured this variety.

We now know more about genetics. And the fine thing is that auDNA can be related to this work of Gerhardt.

For example the departure point of Davidski is that Bell Beakers are rooted in the Single Grave Culture. Gerhardt classifies the dominant phenotype Single Grave as 'Robust-Dolichomorphen Aurignaciden'. That's the Steppe/Herder type from the East.

In LNBA started the transformation to Bell Beakers. Within the Bell Beakers the skulls are indeed pluriform. But mostly affected by a brachymorphic development. Then we got the 'Borreby' as described as a abbreviation of Cromagnid but with a Brachymorphic development. That's the Borreby in this description http://humanphenotypes.net/Borreby.html

And most significant among the BB, you could say a marker, is the steephead. The steephead is a development out of the Single Grave (!) 'robust dolio' that had a brachymophic and hypsimorphic ('enhanced') development, with a characteristic flat occiput.

I guess they come most close to what some classifiers title as 'Norid':
http://humanphenotypes.net/Norid.html

The Bell Beakers spread all over the place....and IMO they had a lasting impact on the phenotypes.

[PaleoEuropean]

[PaleoEuropean]

[PaleoEuropean]

[PaleoEuropean]