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Thread: About Republic of Kosovo

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    Default About Republic of Kosovo

    Kosovo declared independence on the 17th of February 2008. The small south east European state sits between Albania, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. The capital of the Republic is Prishtina, a city of around 500,000 people. The population of Kosovo exceeds 2 million.

    Kosovo is a democratic, multi-ethnic and secular Republic, that incorporates into its Constitution the UN Special Envoy, Martti Ahtisaari, Comprehensive Proposal for Kosovo Status Settlement. This plan ensures that the Constitution of the Republic protects and guarantees rights for all of Kosovo citizens. The support of this proposal by Kosovar people shows readiness to move on, forgive and build.

    Kosovo is a state that is moving towards European integration, and will eventually become a member of the European Union. Kosovo has historically, culturally and socially been part of Europe. The ancient kingdoms that stood there were at the center of European history well over 3,000 years ago. Later on, as new world powers emerged and the world changed, again the nations of south east Europe forged the future of this continent.

    In more modern times, Kosovo ended up as the least developed part of Yugoslavia, slowly moving towards high unemployment and unequal opportunities for Kosovar Albanians. This, coupled with nationalistic policies that broke up Yugoslavia, culminated in the Kosovo - Serbia war of 1997-1999

    Today, having declared independence, Kosovo has chosen the path towards Europe. Independence, and the explicit and implicit recognition by the world, have helped set Kosovo on the right course.


    http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/kosova/
    Last edited by Rron; 03-28-2012 at 09:51 PM.

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    Ahtisaari's proposal is first and foremost a document designed to make Kosovo a multiethnic society. This means that the non-Albanian communities have been granted substantial powers. With more than 90% of Kosovo made up of Albanians, the minority Serb, Roma, Ashkali, Gorani, Egyptian, Turk and Bosniak communities are given tremendous influence in all sectors.

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    Kosovo independence move not illegal, says UN court


    Accordingly, [the court] concludes that the declaration of independence on 17 February 2008 did not violate general international law,
    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10730573

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    Until the destruction of the old federal Yugoslavia by Milosevic, Kosovo had a dual status. It was called a part of Serbia; but it was also called a unit of the federation. In all practical ways, the latter sense prevailed: Kosovo had its own parliament and government, and was directly represented at the federal level, alongside Serbia. It was, in fact, one of the eight units of the federal system.
    Almost all the other units have now become independent states. Historically, the independence of Kosovo just completes that process.

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    Flag of Republic of Kosovo



    Flag Description -
    Centered on a dark blue field is the geographical shape of Kosovo in a gold color surmounted by six white, five-pointed stars arrayed in a slight arc; each star represents one of the major ethnic groups of Kosovo: Albanians, Serbs, Turks, Gorani, Roma, and Bosniaks.

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    Location: Southeast Europe

    Geographic coordinates: 42 35 N, 21 00 E

    Area: total: 10,887 sq km

    Country comparison to the world: 169

    Land: 10,887 sq km

    Water: 0 sq km

    Area - comparative: slightly larger than Delaware

    Land boundaries: total: 702 km

    Border countries: Albania 112 km, Macedonia 159 km, Montenegro 79 km, Serbia 352 km

    Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

    Climate: influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December.

    Terrain: flat fluvial basin with an elevation of 400-700 m above sea level surrounded by several high mountain ranges with elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 m.

    Elevation extremes:

    lowest point: Drini i Bardhe/Beli Drim 297 m (located on the border with Albania)

    highest point: Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m

    Natural resources: nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite

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    Constitution

    Assembly is the highest legal act of the Republic of Kosovo. Laws and other legal acts should be in accordance with this Constitution. The Constitution is a system of government, often coded in the form of a document, which lays the basis of fundamental rules and principles of an autonomous republic. The Constitution determines the fundamental principle policies, structure, procedures, power and responsibility of the government. The governing power in the Republic of Kosovo stems from the Constitution. The methods of work and decision making procedures of the Government are regulated by law and regulations.
    The Republic of Kosovo respects the international right. Every person and institution in the Republic of Kosovo is subject to the provision of the Constitution. The Constitutional Court is an independent authority for the protection of the constitutionality and for the final interpretation of the Constitution.
    The sovereignty of the Republic of Kosovo stems from the people, belongs to the people, and is exercised in compliance with the Constitution through elected representatives, referendum and other forms in compliance with the provisions of this Constitution.
    The constitutional order of the Republic of Kosovo is based on the principles of freedom, peace, democracy, equality, respect for human rights and freedoms and the rule of law, non-discrimination, the right to property, the protection of environment, social justice, pluralism, separation of state powers, and a market economy.

    The History of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo – The draft of the new Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo was prepared and published in April 2008. Most of the articles of the Draft-Constitution were based and stemmed from the Ahtisaari plan; therefore the Constitution guaranteed special rights for the minority groups and ensured a safe environment for all citizens of the Republic of Kosovo.

    17 February, 2008 – Kosovo was declared a sovereign and independent state on 17 February 2008, in the extraordinary meeting of the Assembly of Kosovo. The Declaration of Independence was an Act of the Assembly of Kosovo as an Interim Institution of Self-Government, unanimously recognized by all present members of the Assembly, who were 109. The Declaration of Independence was read by the Prime minister of Kosovo, Mr. Hashim Thaqi.

    2 April, 2008 – The Constitutional Commission approved the text of the Draft-Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo. On the same day the Draft-Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo was Certified.

    7 April, 2008 – The Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo was signed by the President of the Republic of Kosovo in the National Library of Kosovo in Prishtina, Kosovo.

    9 April, 2008 – The Draft-Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo was ratified in the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo.

    15 April, 2008 – The Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo was fully enacted as the highest legal act of the Republic of Kosovo.
    Before the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo was signed Kosovo was governed under the Provisional Constitution, based on the Resolution 1244 of the United Nations Security Council. This resolution was later ratified in 2001, enacting the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government and leaving the final authority to Special Representative of Secretary General of the United Nations.

    Preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo

    “We, the people of Kosovo,
    Determined to build a future of Kosovo as a free, democratic and peace-loving country that will be a homeland to all of its citizens
    Committed to the creation of a state of free citizens that will guarantee the rights of every citizen, civil freedoms and equality of all citizens before the law
    Committed to the state of Kosovo as a state of economic wellbeing and social prosperity
    Convinced that the state of Kosovo will contribute to the stability of the region and entire Europe by creating relations of good neighborliness and cooperation with all neighboring countries
    Convinced that the state of Kosovo will be a dignified member of the family of peace-loving states in the world
    With the intention of having the state of Kosovo fully participating in the processes of Euro-Atlantic integration
    In a solemn manner, we approve the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo.


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    Assembly

    The Republic of Kosovo is an independent, sovereign, democratic, unique and inseparable state. The Republic of Kosovo is a democratic republic based on the principle of division of governments and check and balances among them. In the Republic of Kosovo the legislative power is exercised by the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo. As such, the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo is the highest representative and legislative institution in Republic of Kosovo directly elected by the people. The Assembly comprises 120 deputies elected by secret ballot. However, not all deputies are elected by the free vote of the people – secret and democratic voting.
    Twenty of deputy seats are reserved for supplementary representation of other non-Albanian communities, and of those, ten seats for the Serbian community and ten seats for Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian community 4, Bosnian community 3, Turkish community 2 and Gorani community 1.
    The mandate for the composition of legislature by the Assembly of Kosovo shall be three years from the first inaugurating session.
    The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo has these responsibilities:
    Adopts laws and resolutions in the areas of responsibility of interim institutions
    Elects the Presidency of the Assembly
    Elects the President of the Assembly
    Approves the candidate for the Prime minister together with the list of ministers of the Government, proposed by the candidate for Prime minister
    Reviews and ratifies the proposed international agreements, within the scope of its responsibilities; decides about the motions of trust vote against the Government
    Guides the Government in the preparation of the draft laws
    Approves the Rules of Procedure of the Assembly and of the parliamentary committees
    Has other responsibilities pursuant to the Constitutional Frame or other legal instruments.
    To meet its responsibilities the Assembly convenes every week. The Presidency of the Assembly is responsible for reviewing and preparing the daily agenda of the Assembly for the meeting of the previous week and the temporary daily agenda for two weeks ahead.
    The approval of the government’s decisions is reached with consensus and if there is not consensus then the approval is done with the majority of the votes of members present. To the right to present the draft laws in the Assembly are entitled the Government, the President of Republic of Kosovo, the Assembly deputies, or at least ten thousand citizens as provided for by the law. After the process of presenting the draft law the process goes through these phases:
    The first review of the draft law, which is done not earlier than ten working days and not later than three working weeks after its dissemination, includes the approval in principle of the draft law and this review does not allow any amendments
    After the approval of the first review the draft law is reviewed by the respective functional committee, Budget Committee and Judicial, Legislative, and Constitutional Frame Committee
    The Committee on Rights and Interests of Communities reviews a draft law only when it is required by a member of the Presidency or by the majority of the members of the Committee for Communities. During this review recommendations are drafted in the committees in relation with the amendments that are considered necessary and based on which the draft law can be recommended for approval during the second review
    The Assembly reviews the amendments proposed by the committees and so does the amendments proposed by the Government, by the groups of deputies, and by individual deputies before deciding about the approval of the second review
    After the amendments were selected for review, were approved, or were rejected, the final voting is made for the draft law in general with its amendments
    If a draft law is not approved in the second review, the person making the proposal may request the approval of the Assembly for further review-third review
    The laws adopted either in the second adoption or in the third adoption are signed by the President of the Assembly within 48 hours and then they are submitted to the Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) to promulgate them
    The laws shall enter into force on the day of their promulgation by SRSG, unless otherwise provided for by the law.
    For more information about the work of the deputies in plenary sessions, the laws in procedure, the adopted and amended laws, the activities of the President and the Presidency of the Assembly of Kosovo, the Committees and Parliamentary Groups, planned schedules of activities, and resolutions, declarations and important decisions of the Assembly of Kosovo, please visit the official web-page of the Assembly.

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    President

    Is the head of the state and represents the unity of the people of the Republic of Kosovo.
    Any citizen of the Republic of Kosovo, who is thirty five years (35) or older may be elected President of the Republic of Kosovo. The President is elected by the Assembly, in secret ballot. The election of the President of the Republic of Kosovo shall take place no later than thirty (30) days before the end of the current President’s term of office. The President is elected by a two thirds (2/3) majority of all the deputies of the Assembly.
    The President of the Republic of Kosovo begins his/her term after taking the oath before the Assembly of Kosovo. The text of the oath is provided by law. The President’s term of office is five (5) years. Upon completion of his/her term of office the President may be reelected only once. The President can not exercise any other public function. After the election, the President can not exercise any political party functions.

    Competencies of the President of the Republic of Kosovo:

    1. Represents the Republic of Kosovo internally and externally
    2. Guarantees constitutional functioning of the institutions set forth by this Constitution
    3. Announces elections for the Assembly of Kosovo and convenes its first meeting
    4. Issues decrees in accordance with this Constitution
    5. Promulgates laws approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
    6. Has the right to return adopted laws for reconsideration, if he/she considers that they are harmful to the legitimate interests or one or more communities. This right can be exercised only once per law
    7. Signs international agreements in accordance with this Constitution
    8. Proposes amendments to this Constitution
    9. May refer constitutional questions to the Constitutional Court
    10. Leads the foreign policy of the country
    11. Receives credentials of heads of diplomatic missions accredited to the Republic of Kosovo
    12. Is the Commander in Chief of the Kosovo Security Force
    13. Leads the Consultative Council for Communities
    14. Appoints the candidate for Prime Minister for the establishment of the Government, after proposal by the political party or coalition holding the majority in the Assembly
    15. Appoints and dismisses the President of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kosovo upon the proposal of the Kosovo Judicial Council
    16. Appoints and dismisses judges of the Republic of Kosovo upon the proposal of the Kosovo Judicial Council
    17. Appoints and dismisses the Chief Prosecutor of the Republic of Kosovo upon the proposal of the Kosovo Prosecutorial Council
    18. Appoints and dismisses prosecutors of the Republic of Kosovo upon the proposal of the Kosovo Prosecutorial Council
    19. Appoints judges to the Constitutional Court upon the proposal of the Assembly
    20. Appoints the Commander of Kosovo Security Force upon recommendation of the Prime minister
    21. Jointly with the Prime minister appoints the Director, Deputy Director and Inspector General of the Kosovo Intelligence Agency
    22. Decides to declare a State of Emergency in consultation with the Prime Minister
    23. May request meetings of the Kosovo Security Council and chairs them during a State of Emergency
    24. Decides on the establishment of diplomatic and consular missions of the Republic of Kosovo in consultation with the Prime Minister
    25. Appoints and dismisses heads of diplomatic missions of the Republic of Kosovo upon the proposal of the Government
    26. Appoints the Chair of the Central Election Commission
    27. Appoints the Governor of the Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo, who also acts as its Managing Director, and appoints the other members of the Bank’s Board
    28. Grants medals, titles of gratitude, and awards in accordance with the law
    29. Grants individual pardons in accordance with the law
    30. Addresses the Assembly of Kosovo at least once a year in regard to her/his scope of authority.


    President’s Cabinet is the highest body of the presidency of the Republic of Kosovo consisting of the structure presented in following:
    1. President
    2. High political Advisor
    3. High political Advisor for economy
    4. High political Advisor for Education, Science and Culture
    5. Political Advisor for Legal Matters
    6. Advisor for media and spokesperson of president’s office
    7. Political Advisor
    8. Political Advisor for European Integration.


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    Government

    The Government of Kosovo exercises the executive power in accordance with the Constitution and with law. The Government of Kosovo is composed by the Prime minister, vice-prime ministers and ministers.The Government implements the laws and acts ratified by the Assembly of Kosovo, and carries out other activities within the responsibilities defined by the Constitution and law. The Government takes decisions in accordance with the Constitution and laws, and proposes draft laws and amendments of existing laws and other acts, and may give opinion about the draft laws that were not proposed by the Government.

    The Government reports to the Assembly of Kosovo for its work. The Prime minister, vice-prime ministers and ministers share the responsibility for the decisions taken by the Government, and take the individual responsibility for the decisions taken in the scope of their responsibilities.

    The competencies of the Government are:

    1. Proposes and implements the internal and external policy of the country
    2. Enables the economic development of the country
    3. Proposes draft laws and other acts to the Assembly
    4. Takes decisions and prepares legal acts and regulations necessary for the implementation of the laws
    5. Proposes the Budget of the Republic of Kosovo
    6. Instructs and oversees the work of the administration
    7. Instructs about the activity and development of public services
    8. Proposes to the President of the Republic of Kosovo the appointments and dismissals of chiefs of diplomatic missions of Kosovo
    9. Proposes the amendment of the Constitution
    10. May refer constitutional matters to the Constitutional Court
    11. Exercises other executive functions, which are not assigned to other central or national institutions.


    The competencies of the Prime minister are:

    1. Represents and directs the Government
    2. Ensures that all Ministries are acting in accordance with governmental policies
    3. Ensures the implementation of laws and policies defined by the Government
    4. Replaces the members of the Government without the consent of the Assembly
    5. Heads the Security Council of Kosovo
    6. Appoints the General Director of Kosovo Police
    7. Consults with the President of the Republic of Kosovo on intelligence matters
    8. Together with the President, appoints the Director, Deputy Director, and General Inspector of Kosovo Intelligence Agency
    9. Consults with the President on the implementation of foreign policy of the country
    10. Carries out other duties provided for by the Constitution and law.


    Source

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