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True, provided that they were educated in a Bulgarian exarchate school. Otherwise, most people were peasants with no clear ethnic conscience. The majority chose to identify with their village or region.
With the introduction of nationalism in the Balkans, we, the Slavic speaking inhabitants of Macedonia chose freely to be one entity with our Slavic speaking brothers to the east, and eventually taking up arms together against our common enemy, the Ottomans. But even through our national awakening process, we still had a very strong regional Macedonian identity.
So yes, our intellectuals did call themselves Bulgarians, but Macedonians at the same time. Bulgarians is the name that united all South East Slavs since the Middle Ages right through to Balkan nationalism.
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