English Gene Pool

[Albion]

Romans were colonizers and not settlers in most of their colonies. I'd bet that the Spanish, French, English, etc. do not actually have that much Roman ancestry by blood.

They are probably mostly a Celtic and Germanic mixture, with something of a Basque-like Mediterranean component at times.

Most of the "Romans" here came from Gaul and Germania so are hard to detect genetically.
The Romans didn't settle much, they just Romanised the natives. What Romans were here largely fled once Rome left.
The Roman component is probably less than 2% but we'll never know how many Gauls or Germanics came with them.

[Ibericus]

None of those. They are mostly a mix of mesolithic north-euros, neolithic southerns, and bronze age invaders.

[Apina]

Certainly I think that the phenotype of a British person depends a lot on their ancestor's location. For example, people I know from the East England generally do look more Germanic (Anglo-Saxon)/Norse, but people from the West look more Keltic/Irish.

[Albion]

None of those. They are mostly a mix of mesolithic north-euros, neolithic southerns, and bronze age invaders.

Yes, which in Britain became the British Celts when they acquired and built upon that culture.

Same with Germanics - they have a lot of Mesolithic blood but the culture developed much latter and only partly from the earlier ones.

This is why I speak in terms of Celts and Germanics - it makes things simpler to follow.

[Graham]

It would be interesting to know exactly what England is genetically through yDNA and mtDNA. Like:

R1b types
R-L21 and R-L21*
R-U152
R1a1a types
Z284
L664

Then we'll have a clearer time frame and can differentiate groups. Just now it's ok, not completely clear yet.

http://www.eupedia.com/europe/europe...logroups.shtml
England yDNA:-

67% R1b
14% I1
4.5% I2b
4.5% R1a
3.5% J2
2.5% I2*+I2a
2.0% E1b1b
1.5% G
0.5% T
0.5% Q

and also the mtDna maternal link here
http://www.eupedia.com/europe/europe...requency.shtml

[Pallantides]

The 0.5% Q must be from a Norse source.

[Albion]

Thanks for the percentages Graham. Here are groups associated with those haplogroups in England then:

67% R1b - Celts, Anglo-Saxons and Norse
14% I1 - Danes and Anglo-Saxons
4.5% I2b - Anglo-Saxons
4.5% R1a Norse, Anglo-Saxons and Picts - note that Scotland and England have two different types and it's higher in Scotland.
3.5% J2 - Neolithic Farmers
2.5% I2*+I2a - Balkan (Romans?)
2.0% E1b1b - Neolithic Farmers
1.5% G - Neolithic Farmers, Sarmatians in Roman Britain and perhaps Alan (Ossetian) influence on the Franks (who settled parts of England with the Anglo-Saxons)
0.5% T - Neolithic Farmers and perhaps some from Crusades - Middle East Christians?
0.5% Q - Greenland Norse



So roughly it looks like 90% is Celtic and Germanic, so my figures were about right.

[Pallantides]

0.5% Q - Greenland Norse

The Y-DNA Q branch in the Norse and British are distinctive and older than the branches of Q found among Inuits and Native Americans, y-DNA haplogroup Q1a3 have 4% frequency in South Norway and Sweden:

[Albion]

The Y-DNA Q branch in the Norse and British are distinctive and older than the branches of Q found among Inuits and Native Americans, y-DNA haplogroup Q1a3 have 4% frequency in South Norway and Sweden:

I think it must have been spread in Europe by Norse, but the question is how did they have it?
The only other thing I can think off is perhaps Norse forays beyond Bjarmland and into Siberia. Perhaps they brought a few slaves back?

[Pallantides]

It's peculiar indeed, if it came from a northeastern route one would expect it to be found in Sami and Finns, but Q is only found at a low frequency among western Finns and not at all among the Sami.