Love is not a god in the eyes of Diotima. Rather, he is a "great spirit" who is neither mortal nor immortal; he is a messenger between these. According to her reasoning, one loves the good and the beautiful which they have yet to possess. Because Love desires these things, he therefore lacks them, so he cannot be a god. With this distinction made clear, she can develop his characteristic connection to immortality.
Diotima makes the connection that love must desire immortality. She reasons that all people desire, and, therefore love the good. They also wish to possess this good and to keep it forever. "In a word, then, love is wanting to possess the good forever" (Plato 52). This causes mortals to seek out what they love as part of their quest for immortality.
This quest for immortality is best manifested in mortals through reproduction. Love desires not beauty itself, but "Reproduction and birth in beauty" (Plato 53). Beauty, being in harmony with the divine, cannot be anything but beautiful since the goddess Beauty is present at all births. The cycle of reproduction creates an everlasting chain of beauty, the love of which fulfills the most basic desires of love and immortality.
Paternal defense of their offspring is another aspect in which love and immortality are intertwined. Humans, having the ability to reason, are expected to understand the logic behind this. On the other hand, wild animals' tendency toward this requires some explanation.
Diotima states that "mortal nature seeks so far as possible to live forever and be immortal" (Plato 54) and "everything naturally values its own offspring, because it is for the sake of immortality that everything shows this zeal, which is Love" (Plato 55).
All living, mortal beings have the desire to protect their offspring, their tie to immortality. Even more desirable than immortality through reproduction is immortality through the memory of virtue. Diotima "believe(s) that anyone will do anything for the sake of immortal virtue and the glorious fame that follows; and the better the people, the more they will do, for they are all in love with immortality" (Plato 56).
Love and immortality are connected because mortals love immortality. By definition, mortals do not have immortality; because they desire to have it forever, they, by definition love it. Thus, virtuous immortality or immortality through ideas is of the highest regard because its "offspringare immortal themselves, provide(ing) their parents with immortal glory and remembrance" (Plato 57).
Children do not live forever, but do have their own children, and so on and so forth. But in each generation is another degree of separation; ideas and actions live much longer than children and are directly accredited to that person, preserving his immortality and fulfilling his love of it.
Diotima reveals the ultimate "goal of Loving" as finding "something wonderfully beautiful in its nature; the reason for all his earlier labors" (Plato 58) and that something which fulfills this requirement neither comes nor goes, but is eternal. It is always in form. Other beautiful things may share this as they come and go in and out of existence, but this does not take away from the form or its beauty.
It is this ultimate and pure form - beauty - in which everything beautiful is drawn from, which mortals long to find and to keep forever. Seizing immortal beauty makes one immortal, satisfying his love for both beauty and for immortality.
According to Diotima, the way this is obtained is through an older man's guidance of a young boy. He guides him through all beautiful things, using one thing to get to the next, and being informed by these, he finally knows what it is to be beautiful (59). This could be interpreted as Socrates interjecting his own ideas of how philosophy can help one obtain immortality.
Knowledge is beautiful and obtaining absolute knowledge, the aim of philosophy, would be to see beauty in its form, thus guaranteeing immortality. Socrates is of course reiterating Diotima's speech, and could be twisting it in order to fit the occasion of the Symposium: the praise of Love.
Perhaps Socrates believes he can achieve immortality through philosophy. Or perhaps he is justifying his desire for immortality by making it a universal characteristic that all mortals desire just the same. Nonetheless, Diotima's speech has clearly defined the connection of love and immortality: we simply love the idea of immortality; it motivates us to reproduce and also to do great things.
Works Cited
Plato. Symposium. Trans. Alexander Nehamas and Paul Woodruff. Indianapolis, Indiana:
Hackett, 1989.
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