Page 1 of 10 12345 ... LastLast
Results 1 to 10 of 92

Thread: Bell Beaker examples

  1. #1
    Aut inveniam viam aut faciam Apricity Funding Member
    "Friend of Apricity"

    Goswinus's Avatar
    Join Date
    Nov 2008
    Last Online
    @
    Location
    South of Cape Wrath, North of Ullapool
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Germanic-Romance
    Ethnicity
    Flemish
    Ancestry
    Flanders, Italy
    Country
    Scotland
    Age
    39
    Gender
    Posts
    96
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 7
    Given: 0

    4 Not allowed!

    Default British Beaker Type

    The following excerpt is selected from E.A. Hooton's Up from the Ape (New York, 1947, revised edition) describes the prevalent Bell Beaker type, or British Bronze age type, as a morphological subdivision of the Dinarid race.
    At the end of his outline though, and in regard of contemporary Britain, he thinks this type lives on in small diluted numbers and rather in the majority of cases as a composite race or metamorphic race, meaning one in which a characteristic and stabilized combination of morphological and metrical features has been effected by a lenghty and perpetual intermixture
    of two primary races within a zone of relative isolation, in this case, a Nordic-Alpine cross grown taller and more rugged than either parental races through hybrid vigour.


    British Bronze Age (Beaker type)

    Distinguishing Characters:
    A. Head form: more massive and globular, less pointed than Dinaric
    B. Face form: broader in malar region, squarer, gonial angles more marked
    C. Nose form: fleshier than the ordinary Dinaric nose, shorter
    D. Skin color: usually florid or ruddy
    E. Hair color: oftener reddish
    F. Body build: heavier and broader than average Dinaric(?)

    In the Bronze Age, or just before the introduction of bronze, Britain
    was invaded by tall, massive roundheads who seem to have come from
    about the same area near the mouth of the Rhine and northwestern
    Germany from which the later Anglo-Saxons sailed. Probably other
    brachycephals came to England later during this period, but the custom
    of cremation obscures their racial affinities. British anthropologists
    have long recognized a contemporary English and Scottish type as
    probably surviving from these Bronze Age invaders or as an effect of
    recombination of the same subracial elements.

    It is tall, heavy-boned, weighty and, in middle and advanced years,
    obese. The skin is usually florid or beefy, the eyes blue or light
    mixed. Sometimes, however, and especially in Shetland, and in parts of
    North England, and Scotland, and Ireland, the hair and skin are dark.
    The head is massive, brachycephalic and sometimes rather flattened
    behind. If the high, pointed Armenoid-Dinaric brachycephaly exist in
    this type, it is uncommon. Brow-ridges are heavy, malars prominent,
    and the face rather broad, but not short. The nose is usually long,
    wide, and convex-decidely beaky. Beard and body hair are strongly
    developed.

    It has ordinarily been considered an Alpine-Nordic cross, and it is
    clear enough that both of these elements frequently enter into its
    composition. However, the nasal convexity and occasionally flattened
    occiput perhaps qualify the type more correctly as Dinaric. This is
    the opinion of Coon, who points out that the blend could not have been
    formed in situ in Britain because of the absence of any antecedent
    Alpine type that is an essential ingredient. As a matter of fact, Coon
    thinks that the brachycephlic element in the John Bull type is closer
    to the ancient massive Borreby type that the supposedly reduced Alpine
    derivative.

    If the Dinaric theory of British Bronze Age origins is correct, the
    type harks back in respect of its nasal convexity to some ultimately
    Middle or Near Eastern element, much adultered and modified by
    admixture with western European types. As a matter of fact, probably
    some of the so-called Bronze Age types are merely crosses of later
    Nordic longheaded blonds with the pure Alpines(?).

  2. #2
    Aut inveniam viam aut faciam Apricity Funding Member
    "Friend of Apricity"

    Goswinus's Avatar
    Join Date
    Nov 2008
    Last Online
    @
    Location
    South of Cape Wrath, North of Ullapool
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Germanic-Romance
    Ethnicity
    Flemish
    Ancestry
    Flanders, Italy
    Country
    Scotland
    Age
    39
    Gender
    Posts
    96
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 7
    Given: 0

    1 Not allowed!

    Default

    The planoccipital component in the Beaker Folk is often but erroneously regarded as a Dinaric property and hence pushing the Dinaric element to the foreground, despite that the issues are complex; the large, rugged cranio-facial aspects and the scheme of pigmentation don't gell well together with what is known of the generic Dinaric, which in itself is a moot point as it's ample variegated manifestation in Europe and the fact that European Dinarics compared to their Asian counterparts are larged headed, gives good reason to assume that what goes for the proper Dinaric in Europe is none less than a representative of the Anatolid race, while others are special blends or native European races undergoing independently from any genetic flow a process of dinarization.

    Absorption of local populations surely has had its impact on the Beaker Folk, but not necessary did it lead to attentuation of features.
    In their west-bound wanderings, they would encounter in the Ardennes the small-built, sturdy Furfooz type, basically a protomorphic Alpine which still today regionally appears present, commingled in NE France with the blond Noric race though, that next to the Cromagnoid Alpines or Borreby, constitute the bi-polar core element of the Beaker Folk - stronger graded into a dinaroid morphology, less corpulent, tending to a sinewy constitution, long-faced and rather fair in pigmentation.
    Further down the Southern Netherlands and the Seine-Oise-Marne region had a strong Alpine bearing, but by the end of the Neolitic however the Nordic/Nordoid element is on the rise and the Alpine present is diminishing.

  3. #3
    Aut inveniam viam aut faciam Apricity Funding Member
    "Friend of Apricity"

    Goswinus's Avatar
    Join Date
    Nov 2008
    Last Online
    @
    Location
    South of Cape Wrath, North of Ullapool
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Germanic-Romance
    Ethnicity
    Flemish
    Ancestry
    Flanders, Italy
    Country
    Scotland
    Age
    39
    Gender
    Posts
    96
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 7
    Given: 0

    0 Not allowed!

    Default

    This period might have been contigent to the emergence of the Subnordic race.

    SubNordic is perhaps a misnomer, donned to various subraces in the classification of respective anthropologists. The SNPA is widely known.
    Originally Deniker relates it to a mesocephalic variety of the East Baltic race, identified as Vistulian. It was also a subdivision of Georges Montandon's Greater Blond Race (a Nordish concept avant-la-lettre), whichencompasses Nordic and Nordoid races which aren't equally blond, long-headed and so on.
    It was not the Nordic-Alpine stabilized blend as conceived by Coon (imo misreading Montandon), The Nordish Compact by R. McCullough and the SNPA. In fact, Montandon calls this special blend "pseudo-dinaroid": taller than average, chestnut brown-haired, rather fair-skinned, brachycephalic (curvo/planoccipital condition not specified) and unlike 'true' Dinarics, face and head form are harmonious, probably meaning that a round or squad shaped face is grafted to a globular and/or short head.
    It's in this respect more a problem of semantics.

    In my view, the British Bronze Age type is either a local manifestation of the Borreby race or could belong to the Subnordic category if one accepts it to cover various outcomes of a Nordic-Alpine cross:
    a) essentially the stabilized pseudo-Dinaroid, a more progressive Alpine.
    b) a re-emerged Borreby through hybrid vigour, stronger dinaricized compared to the typical Borreby.
    c) a brachycephalic Nordic/Nordoid, often barely distinguishable from a pure Nordic, except in head shape. As rounding of the skull in the occipital area was seen in neolithic Germany, it can be acribed to a tendency in the race itself without interference of a foreign element.

  4. #4
    Senior Member 007's Avatar
    Join Date
    Nov 2008
    Last Online
    04-18-2015 @ 01:00 AM
    Meta-Ethnicity
    British
    Ethnicity
    English
    Country
    Great Britain
    Gender
    Posts
    805
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 6
    Given: 0

    0 Not allowed!

    Default

    An example of the type in question, Steve Rackman.
    Attached Thumbnails Attached Thumbnails Click image for larger version. 

Name:	donk 4.jpg 
Views:	722 
Size:	6.2 KB 
ID:	34   Click image for larger version. 

Name:	donk  5.jpg 
Views:	2081 
Size:	19.9 KB 
ID:	35  

  5. #5
    Veteran Member Kanuni's Avatar
    Join Date
    Oct 2011
    Last Online
    04-30-2014 @ 10:30 AM
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Hittite/Hurrian
    Ethnicity
    Armenian
    Country
    Armenia
    Taxonomy
    Anatolid with minor Ar(meNordic)abid influences
    Gender
    Posts
    1,847
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 53
    Given: 0

    3 Not allowed!

    Default The Bell Beakers



    This new (Bell Beaker) type was tall, round headed and frequently planoccipital; its nose was prominent and narrow; its face triangular and of moderate length. In its associated morphological features, it forecast the appearance of the Dinaric race.
    Carleton Stevens Coon
    Races of Europe
    (Chapter V, section 13)
    Summary and conclusions
    Macmillam Press
    1939


    The Bell Beaker group is more extreme in many ways; the browridges are often heavy, the general ruggedness frequently greater. The faces are characteristically narrow, the orbits medium to high, the nasal skeleton high and aquiline; the occiput frequently flat. The stature for six males reached the high mean of 177 cm.
    Carleton Stevens Coon
    Races of Europe
    (Chapter V, section 7)
    The Copper Age in Europe North of the Mediterranean Lands: Danubian Movements and Bell Beakers
    Macmillam Press
    1939


    These Dinarics did not come from central Asia, nor from Mesopotamia or Egypt. Facially, they resemble the dolichocephalic residents of Asia Minor and the eastern Mediterranean coastlands of the period during which they first appeared, in that both have in common a high-bridged, high-rooted nose, high orbits, and a sloping forehead. Until further evidence is found, it is safer to hold that the culture-bearing Dinarics of the Bronze Age developed in the Syrian highlands, where a similar type of brachycephaly is now present...

    As the Bell Beaker people, these newcomers traveled from Spain to the Rhineland and to central Europe, where they were the first disseminators of metal. Having appeared in the Rhineland in considerable numbers, they mixed with the older Borreby sub-stratum, which had remained there since the Mesolithic, and with Corded people coming from the east. This triple combination moved bodily down the Rhine and across the North Sea to Britain.
    Carleton Stevens Coon
    Races of Europe
    (Chapter V, section 13)
    Summary and conclusions
    Macmillam Press
    1939


    A succession of Kurgan waves of expansion was set out, the fourth influencing the Vucedol culture of Yugoslavia. This was significant for the further 'Kurganization' of Europe by the Bell Beaker people.

    The Bell Beaker complex, an offshoot of the Vucedol Bloc, continued Kurgan characteristics. The Bell Beaker people of the second half of the 3rd millennium BC were vagabonding horse riders and archers in much the same way as their uncles and cousins, the Corded people of northern Europe and the Catacombe Grave people of the North Pontic region. Their spread over central and Western Europe to the British Islands and Spain, as well as the Mediterranean Islands terminates the period of expansion and destruction.
    (Marija Gimbutas, 1973)
    Colin Renfrew
    Archaology and Language
    Chapter 3: Lost Languages & Forgotten Scripts
    Page: 39
    Penguin
    1987


    It seems likely that the Beaker folk arrived along the same route as their Mediterranean kinsmen, the Neolithic farmers (see: Section 2). The Beaker people were not just another branch of the Mediterranean type, as Coon insisted to his death (see: Adventures & Discoveries, 1981). It will be shown when the subject is taken up in the next part of this section that this differentiation does have a genetic basis. For now, Harrison adds more insight on the matter:

    Similar conclusions were drawn for France and adjoining territories and it is clear that these large, round, steep heads are not to be derived from Mediterranean populations.
    R.J Harrison
    The Beaker Folk
    Chapter 7
    Page 160-162
    Thames & Hudson, London
    1980


    It is, therefore, possible that the present Dinaric populations of the Dinaric Alps and the Carpathians may be derived in part from this eastward invasion. The small numbers and scattered burial habits of the Bell Beaker people on the more densely populated plains of Europe must have made them of much less ethnic importance there than in the mountains.
    Carleton Stevens Coon
    Races of Europe
    (Chapter V, section 7)
    The Copper Age in Europe North of the Mediterranean Lands: Danubian Movements and Bell Beakers
    Macmillam Press
    1939



    In their Rhineland center, the more numerous Bell Beaker people had constant relationships with the inhabitants of Denmark, who were still burying in corridor tombs. Furthermore, the Corded people, one branch of whom invaded Jutland and introduced the single-grave type of burial, also migrated to the Rhine Valley, and here amalgamated themselves with the Bell Beaker people, who were already in process of mixing with their Borreby type neighbors. The result of this triple fusion was a great expansion, and a population overflow down the Rhine, in the direction of Britain.
    Carleton Stevens Coon
    Races of Europe
    (Chapter V, section 13)
    Summary and conclusions
    Macmillam Press
    1939



    The main work on Bell Beaker physical anthropology has centered on the skeletons found with Beaker pottery in Central and Western Germany where five main types of skulls were sorted out. Of prime importance is a large round skull with a flattened occipital bone at the back. This type, according to Gerhardt, forms the core of the Beaker population. The men, in particular were strongly built and before the appearance of Bell Beakers, their physical type was not often found in Germany or anywhere else north of the Alps…
    R.J Harrison
    The Beaker Folk
    Chapter 7
    Page 160-162
    Thames & Hudson, London
    1980



    …in all primitive societies where metal work is carried out, the people concerned exist as separate tribes, castes or communities. They exist among other craftsmen but without interbreeding (…) When they traveled among the tribal societies of Central Europe, they evidently lived apart from the barbarians… Very widely the metal workers are wandering groups who trade while they work.

    The Evolution of Man and Society
    C.D Darlington
    Page 130
    Simon & Schuster
    New York
    1969


    Gerhardt pointed out that...there seemed to be a fusion of several tribes, without any intermixing. The men had the typical large, round, steep heads; it was the women who were largely responsible for the mixed character of the population as a whole…foreign men could have married women from the surrounding communities, who would be different in each area where Beaker pottery was introduced by the newcomers (…) In Bell Beaker contexts, these special skulls are known from Britain, France and even Spain (…)
    R.J Harrison
    The Beaker Folk
    Chapter 7
    Page 160-162
    Thames & Hudson, London
    1980


    According to Darlington, a PhD and pioneering Geneticist and Anthropologist:

    …the shaping of the stones at Stonehenge uses the same technique as that of the Egyptian obelisks…

    Further, the stone circle is a feature of the worship of certain Beaker people known in other countries who on the trade journeys passed close by the Presley mountains where they had found the bluestones for their altar.

    The people who speak Celtic languages must owe their special character rather to the earlier people who existed in the Western countries, people who arose from the fusion of Neolithic, Megalithic and Bell Beaker people, people with the largest Paleolithic content in Europe.
    The Evolution of Man and Society
    C.D Darlington
    Page 146
    Simon & Schuster, New York
    1969

  6. #6
    Veteran Member Ushtari's Avatar
    Join Date
    Sep 2010
    Last Online
    02-11-2014 @ 07:16 AM
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Illyrian
    Ethnicity
    Albanian
    Ancestry
    Dardania
    Country
    Kosovo
    Gender
    Posts
    4,508
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 105
    Given: 1

    1 Not allowed!

    Default

    According to Agrippa, Albanians are closest to the Bell beakers in phenotype

  7. #7
    Veteran Member Kanuni's Avatar
    Join Date
    Oct 2011
    Last Online
    04-30-2014 @ 10:30 AM
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Hittite/Hurrian
    Ethnicity
    Armenian
    Country
    Armenia
    Taxonomy
    Anatolid with minor Ar(meNordic)abid influences
    Gender
    Posts
    1,847
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 53
    Given: 0

    1 Not allowed!

    Default

    Quote Originally Posted by Ushtari View Post
    According to Agrippa, Albanians are closest to the Bell beakers in phenotype
    Probably,since their remains show heavy Dinarization.
    Last edited by Kanuni; 05-18-2012 at 12:05 PM.

  8. #8
    Banned
    Join Date
    Feb 2012
    Last Online
    04-07-2014 @ 04:46 PM
    Location
    Benitez
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Benitez
    Ethnicity
    Benitez
    Ancestry
    Benitez
    Country
    Italy
    Taxonomy
    Benitez
    Politics
    Europa league
    Age
    22
    Gender
    Posts
    5,083
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 1,495
    Given: 1,101

    0 Not allowed!

    Default

    Bell Beakers were mostly R1b. I think that Basque are the most similar to them.

    Gerhardt pointed out that...there seemed to be a fusion of several tribes, without any intermixing. The men had the typical large, round, steep heads; it was the women who were largely responsible for the mixed character of the population as a whole…foreign men could have married women from the surrounding communities, who would be different in each area where Beaker pottery was introduced by the newcomers (…) In Bell Beaker contexts, these special skulls are known from Britain, France and even Spain (…)
    This makes sense to me. Bell Beaker graves has a lot of Mtdna haplos diversity.

  9. #9
    Veteran Member Ibericus's Avatar
    Join Date
    Jan 2010
    Last Online
    Yesterday @ 10:34 PM
    Meta-Ethnicity
    Romance
    Ethnicity
    Spaniard
    Ancestry
    Castilla la Vieja
    Country
    Spain
    Region
    Castilla
    Taxonomy
    Atlantid
    Politics
    nationalism
    Religion
    España
    Gender
    Posts
    7,940
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 2,975
    Given: 1,057

    2 Not allowed!

    Default

    Albanians ? Lol they are not even part of the bell beaker culture.

  10. #10
    IRON PILL Panopticon's Avatar
    Join Date
    May 2010
    Last Online
    01-27-2015 @ 06:20 PM
    Ethnicity
    Gheg highlander
    Country
    Albania
    Y-DNA
    E-V13
    mtDNA
    H7
    Taxonomy
    Nordoid
    Politics
    Revolutionary conservativism/traditionalism/IRON PILL
    Religion
    Unaffiliated theist
    Gender
    Posts
    1,851
    Thumbs Up
    Received: 69
    Given: 12

    0 Not allowed!

    Default

    Quote Originally Posted by Ibericus View Post
    Albanians ? Lol they are not even part of the bell beaker culture.
    Bell Beaker populations probably migrated to the Balkans through Central Europe. They settled particularly in mountainous areas. That is also where Bell Beakeroid (Dinaroid) phenotypes are (by far) the most common. There is no question that Albanians resemble the basic phenotype of the Bell Beakers much more than Iberians f.e. even if the Bell Beaker culture did not exist in the Balkans.

Page 1 of 10 12345 ... LastLast

Thread Information

Users Browsing this Thread

There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)

Similar Threads

  1. Classify Kate Bell
    By CelticViking in forum Taxonomy
    Replies: 5
    Last Post: 01-05-2020, 08:19 PM
  2. Replies: 16
    Last Post: 11-03-2012, 11:36 AM
  3. Classify Joshua Bell
    By Grey in forum Taxonomy
    Replies: 7
    Last Post: 06-24-2010, 04:25 PM

Tags for this Thread

Bookmarks

Posting Permissions

  • You may not post new threads
  • You may not post replies
  • You may not post attachments
  • You may not edit your posts
  •