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Dalmatian was a Romance language spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and as far south as Kotor in Montenegro. The name refers to a pre-Roman tribe of the Illyrian linguistic group, Dalmatae. The Ragusan dialect of Dalmatian was the official language of the Republic of Ragusa, though in later times Italian (representing the Romance language population) or Croatian (for the Slavophone population) came to supersede it.
The Roman Republic gradually came to occupy the territory of Illyria between 229 and 155 BC. Merchants and authorities settling from Rome brought with them the Latin language, and eventually the indigenous inhabitants mostly abandoned their languages (prevalently a variety of Illyrian tongues) for vulgar Latin. After the Roman capital moved to Constantinople, Greek began to replace Latin as the Lingua Franca in the empire (eventually becoming official in 620), but Illyrian towns continued to speak Latin, which evolved over time into regional dialects and eventually into distinct Romance languages.
Almost every city developed its own dialect. Most of these became extinct before they were recorded, so the only trace of these ancient dialects is some words borrowed into local dialects of today's Croatia. Once thought to be a language that bridged the gap between the Romanian language and Italian, it was only distantly related to the nearby Romanian dialects, such as the nearly extinct Istro-Romanian, spoken in nearby Istria, Croatia.
Dalmatian was influenced particularly heavily by the Venetian language and Croatian (despite the latter, the Latin roots of Dalmatian remained prominent). A fourteenth century letter from Zadar shows strong influence from Venetian, the language that after years under Venetian rule extinguished Iadera and other dialects of Dalmatian. Other dialects met their demise with the settlement of populations of Slavic speakers.
The language became extinct when its last speaker, Burbur Tuone Udaina, was killed in an industrial explosion on 10 June 1898.
Lord's Prayer in Dalmatian:
Tuota nuester, che te sante intel sil,
sait santificuot el naun to.
Vigna el raigno to.
Sait fuot la voluntuot toa,
coisa in sil, coisa in tiara.
Duote costa dai el pun nuester cotidiun.
E remetiaj le nuestre debete,
Coisa nojiltri remetiaime a i nuestri debetuar.
E naun ne menur in tentatiaun,
miu deleberiajne dal mal.
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