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You're quite right. I'm not sure about perception of dialects in business world but I'd say Moscow accent belongs to Central dialect. Northern are in the areas around Novgorod and Arkhangelsk etc. The difference in Russian dialects is not in words but in pronounciation of specific syllables.
Syllables are far more important and widely used in Russian than in English. Where English heavily rely on auxiliary verbs and structure of a sentence Russian rely on various syllables as prefixes and suffixes to key words. The difference in pronounciation of these syllables is actually the key in forming the dialects. They do not affect understanding at all since the meaning of all syllables and the general structure of a word is same for all of them. It is not the same for different accents of English where American English is often totally unrecoginzable by Australian or NZ English speakers because it is important for them to recognize the whole word rather than individual syllables.
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