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I don't know why some deny but East Europe and Southern Europe were CONQUERED, this is a proven fact even by your own East European historian as well as evident records. Even when BBC made a documentary they too will say East Europe under the rule of Mongol. You're right that there is a difference between conquered and being subjected to tribute. Let me you show the difference
Light Gray = countries under Mongol rule: Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, Crimea.
Dark Gray = countries vassals and tribute to Mongols: Poland, Hungary, Estonia, Belarus
Russian newspaper themselves will say Mongols ruled Russia for 300 years "Mongols traveled through Asia and Russia and afterwards invaded Europe in XII century. They ruled Russia for nearly 300 years. "
http://english.pravda.ru/health/31-0...-alcoholism-0/
How true is this you can see for yourself.And no Eastern European territory was ever ruled by Ottomans
Are you claiming Scythians and Sarmatians were EAST EUROPEANS?PS Horse was domesticated by Eastern Europeans and everything related to horseriding and use of horses was invented by Eastern Europeans. Scythians and Sarmatians were using fully developed metal stirrups at the times when Romans and Greeks were riding horses without even saddles.
Sorry man they may have had R1a but they were not Slav or East Europeans they were Indo-Iranians speakers.
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