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Figure 4.
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The metric data of a Swedish sailor collected in the 1930s by Carleton Coon for his work The Races of Europe is compared with the cranial measurements three west Eurasian Neanderthals, La Ferrasie 1, Shanidar 1 and Amud 1. His age is given as 49 years -- approximately the same as La Ferrasie 1 and Shanidar 1 at the time of death, and some 20 years older than Amud 1. His standing height is 180cm, compared to 170cm for La Ferrassie 1 and Shanidar 1 (Trinkaus, 96) and 179cm for Amud 1 (Suzuki, 72).
His bodyweight is 202lbs/91kg. The length of his cranial vault is 212mm -- the measurements for the Neanderthals are 209mm (La Ferrasie 1) (Huxley), 212.5mm (Shanidar 1) and 215mm (Amud 1). The breadth of his cranium is 160mm, compared to 158mm for the Neanderthals. Minimum frontal breadth was an extreme 118mm -- comparable to Amud and La Ferrassie. Bizygomatic breadth is given as 148mm, compared to 149 for La Ferrassie, 147 for Shanidar 1 and 153 for Amud. Bigonial breadth (111mm) fell within the Neanderthal range.
This man's total facial height was extreme. At 146mm, it is the highest measurement of any individual studied in The Races of Europe. The same is to be said of the upper facial height (an extraordinary 87mm). These measurements are outside the range of "modern humans" and within the Neanderthals, although the excessive total facial height exceeds the middle paleolithic standard. This is because Neanderthals had extreme rates of dental attrition, causing their total facial heights to be somewhat less than that of this Swede. La Ferrassie measures 88mm, Shanidar 1 86mm and Amud 1 89mm for the upper facial height (nasion-prosthion).
Nasal height was likewise extreme -- 65mm, around the same as La Ferrassie 1 and Amud and slightly taller than Shanidar 1. His nasal breadth (39mm), although not the widest measured in the book, is inbetween La Ferrassie 1 and Amud. His biorbital distance is 94mm, compared to 112mm for La Ferrasie 1 and an outstanding 115mm for Shanidar 1 (Stringer, 2010).
His cephalic index is ~75, dolicocephalic, same as Neanderthals. All other indices are equal.
The metric data and facial form observed in photograph show that this individual replicates the measurements for adult Neanderthal males living in the middle paleolithic in west Eurasia.
NEANDERTHAL RECONSTRUCTIONS
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